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Regulated investmenr: The recovery of costs of an investment are regulated by a state or federal regulatory body. Explanation of Entries: Required revenues are recommen-ded. because tkis is normally the basis on which such investments are defended to the regulators. Financing: This entry refers to the evaluation of investments requiring project-specific debt financing (as opposed to those capitalized only through equity financing or corporate debt financing, accounted for by the discount rate, which reflects the cost of both equity and debt.) Explanation of Entries: Payback measures may be used to get a quick sense of a project ignoring the financing. However, the explicit consideration of financing significantly complicates the analysis, eliminatingthesimplicityadvantagesofthesemeasures. Thus,paybackmeasuresarenotrecornmended when financing is to be explicitly considered. The savings-to-investment ratio is also not recommended because of the issue of whether the investment is defined as only the equity portion of the investment or the total investment. Risk: All investments pose some risk that they will not provide the promised returns. For those investments with significant uncertainties, risks should be explicitly considered. Explanation of Entries: Payback measures are recommended because they provide a quick assessment of the duration of the period during which the investor’s capital Is at risk. More €orma1evaluation of risk (e.g., decision analysis), as described in the manual, is also recommended. Social costs: The full cost of an alternative, including both direct costs such as capital costs and O&M costs as well as external costs such its environmental costs, k,all costs incurred by society are considered. Explanation of Entries: Net present value and benefitlcast ratios are acceptable and are commonly used for the evaluation of investments from a social perspective, and therefore, are recommended measures. Taxes: Taxes affect the value of most investments and should therefore be considered explicitly in all but themostrudimentaryanalyses. Taxestobeconsideredincludestateandfederalincometaxes,property taxes, and so forth. ExplanationofEntries: Inclusionoftaxesinpaybackcalculationscomplicatestheanalysis,eliminating thesimplicityadvantagesofpaybackmeasures. Therefore,paybackmeasuresarenotrecommended. Combinationsofinvesments: Occasionallyanjnvestmentinoneenergytechnologywillhaveanimpact on the cost, performance, or value of another energy investment. For example, the use of additional insulation in a building’s walls will decrease the value of a more efficient furnace. In these cases, the investments should be evaluated as a combined system, i.e., as a single investment, with the cost, performance, and value reflecting the attributes of the combined system. ExplanationofEntries: Allmeasuresareacceptablesubjecttotheotherconsiderations,asgivenforthe other investment features and types of decisions. Investmeni Decisions Acceptheject: A single investment is under consideration. It can either be accepted or rejected. 37PDF Image | A Manual for the Economic Evaluation of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Technologies
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