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, Period Present Value interest Factor Cash Flow (PVIF) $(10,000) 7,274 0.8929 6,558 0.7972 6,223 0.71 18 6,087 0.6355 6,259 0.5674 Present Value $(10,000) 6,495 5,228 4,430 3,868 3,551 NPV = $13,572 Table4-2. NetPresentValueofCurrentDollarCashFlows The positive NPV of $13,572 shows that the investment is economical. The investor would have been indifferent as to whether to make the investment had the W V been zero, whereas a negative NPV would have indicated that the returns are worth less than the initial cash outflow and the investment is not a good one. The results of this example would have been the same if constant dollars had been used instead of current dollars. For example, assume the same parameters as those in the previous example, except this time assume constant dollar O&M costs ($1,300 per year in base year dollars) and a constant dollar sales price ($10 per unit in base year dollars). Because depreciation in each year is calculated as a percentage of the initial investment, it is necessary to convert cash flows for depreciation from current to constant dollars using the inflation rate; i.e., constant depreciation,= current depreciation, x (1 - inflation rate>”.Table 4-3 illustrates the constant dollar after-tax cash flow. Table4-3. ConstantDollarAfter-TaxCashFlow O&M Investment Costs Revenues Depreciation Year (a) (b) (c) (d) Net Taxable Income (e) = (c-b-d) Federal Income Tax (f) = (e x tax) After-Tax Cash Flow (9) = (c-a-b-f) After-tax cash flows are now applied to the NPV formulation-discounted at 8.74%; i.e., [(l+nominal discountrate)/(1+inflationrate)]- 1=1.12/1.03-1=8.74-to calculateNPV,asshowninTable4-4. 41PDF Image | A Manual for the Economic Evaluation of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Technologies
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