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Discussion DPB can be expressedasthat time in which: Where: DPB = A1 = AS = annual nominal discount rate (Ruegg 1987). As an example of the difference between SPB and DPB, assume the following: d = minimum number of years required for the discounted sum of annual net savings to equal the discounted incremental investment costs incrementalinvestmentcosts annual savings net of future annual costs (i.e,, AS equals the incremental energy costs, incremental nonfuel operation, maintenance, and repair costs, incremental repair and replacement costs, minus the incremental salvage costs) Incremental Investment Cost Differential Annual Net Savings Discount Rate Payback Period SPB $18,000 $3,000 DPB $18,000 $3,000 6.88% 8 years A disregard for the time value of money is not a limitation of discounted payback (Brown and Yanuck 1980). The DPB differs fi-om the SPB in that the DPB analysis uses the present values of the changes in investments and savings. Thus, when accounting for the time value of money, the payback period is longer,asillustratedabove. Asinanypresentvalueanalysis,thecashflowsornetsavingsinDPBcan occurattimesotherthantheendoftheyear. Alternativeassumptionssuchasmid-year,mid-month,or beginning-of-the-monthcash flows will affect the results of the analysis. See Appendix E and Koomey (1990) for further clarification. Benefit-to-Cost Ratios lntroduction Benefit-to-cost (BIC) analysis is conducted and B/C ratios are derived to ascertain whether and to what degree the benefits of a particular project exceed the costs. Such analyses are more frequently performed for projects that involve the public interest. They range ftom direct government investments in public works (such as infrastructure, parks, or public power projects) to private investments by utilities in which the impacts on the ratepayers, investors, and the environment all may have to be considered to determine if the action is appropriate. Because B/C ratios are commonly used when evaluating investments from a societal perspective, they are recommended for use when evaluating projects in which social costs prevail. BIC ratios are not recommended when selecting among mutually exclusive alternatives because the values of differing investment sizes are not considered;i.e., aninvestor will choose to invest more in an alternativewith more favorable returns. This shortcoming may be corrected by applying B/C ratios to the incremental 58 - 6 yearsPDF Image | A Manual for the Economic Evaluation of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Technologies
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