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Table 4 Design Assumptions for 50-MWe Trough Plant with 6 hours TES Site: Kramer Junction, California, USA Data Source KJCOC 1999 Data Table 6 O&M Cost Assumptions (50 MWe, 6 hrs TES) Labor Parts Equipment Total Longitude 117.5 Latitude 35.15 DNI 8.054 Collector Field Collector Type Optical Efficiency Mirror Cleanliness Factor 0.95 Solar Field Availability 0.99 O&M Cost Admin Operations PB Maintenance SF Maintenance Total Optimization Staff (k$) (k$) 7 440 253 13 746 249 (k$) (k$) 0 693 0 994 0 841 90 1,081 90 3,609 degrees W degrees N kWh/m2/day 458,720 m2 77 W/m2 10 W/m2 242 $/m2 6 hrs 874 MWht 0.46 MWt 7 °C 31.4 $/kWht 50/55 MWe 0.377/0.371 1.00 % of design 0.15 % of design 8 7 34 527 313 391 600 2,104 1,416 LS-2+ 0.763 Collector Area Receiver Heat Losses Piping Heat Losses Solar Field Cost Thermal Storage Full Load Equivalent Hours Max Energy In Storage Thermal Losses Log Mean Temp Difference TES Cost Power Block Net/Gross Output Gross Cycle Efficiency (thermal from Solar Field /TES) Max Output Min Output The performance model was run with Kramer Junction 1999 insolation data to evaluate TES designs for the 50-MWe trough plant. A parametric analysis was carried out to determine the optimum solar field size for each TES capacity and heat exchanger configuration (LMTD). Figure 2 shows the solar field size optimization for a system with 6 hours of storage. 0.135 0.130 0.125 0.120 0.115 0.110 0.105 0.100 300,000 400,000 500,000 Solar Field Area, m2 LMTD (C) 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Capital Cost 1 Structures and Improvements 2 Collector System 3 Thermal Storage System 4 Steam Gen or HX System 5 Auxiliary Heater/Boiler 6 Turbine Generator 7 Balance of Plant Total Direct Costs Indirect Costs Engineering, Construction, and Project Management Land Cost Total Indirect Total Cost (k$) 4,805 110,906 27,455 6,798 0 24,860 14,454 189,279 13,817 764 14,581 203,860 Figure 2 Solar field size optimization for 6 hours of TES The lowest cost of energy for a plant with 6 hours of TES occurs with a solar field of approximately 460,000 m2 (Figure 2). Using the optimum solar field size for each case, Figure 3 shows the levelized energy cost for each heat exchanger/TES design for different storage capacities. The optimum TES heat exchanger LMTD is highlighted for each storage capacity. Adding thermal storage clearly reduces the LCOE. Larger TES capacities are optimized with lower LMTDs. To help in understanding these results, it can be instructive to look at more detailed design and performance results from the model. Table 7 shows a summary of the optimized designs for the no-storage case and the 6-hour thermal storage case. The plant with storage has a larger solar field. The optimum heat exchanger LMTD is 7°C. The capital cost of the plant with 6 hours of TES is 54% higher, but it produces 62% more energy and has a lower O&M cost per kilowatt-hour generated. The resulting cost of energy is 10% lower with 6 hours of storage. 600,000 Table 5 Capital Cost Assumptions (50 MWe, 6 hrs TES) 6 LCOE, $/kWhPDF Image | A Parabolic Trough Solar Power Plant Simulation Model
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