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Parabolic-Trough Technology Roadmap January 1999 ÿ Levelized Energy Cost (LEC) The cost of electricity is the primary system requirement for any electric power generation technology. The levelized cost of energy is the most common approach used for comparing the cost of power from competing technologies. There are two approaches for calculating the LEC. The first, a simplified approach, calculates an annualized cost using a fixed charge rate and divides it by the annual electric generation. The second approach uses a full financial cash-flow model to perform a similar calculation. The latter approach is the one used in this roadmap because it more accurately reflects the parameters that will drive decisions on selecting one project over another. In general, the cost of power must be competitive with alternative power generation options after taking into account any special incentives available to the technology. This could include green-pricing production incentives, grants (such as those from GEF), or special tax incentives. ÿ Risk The level of risk for the project must account for all potential sources of risk: technology, scheduling, finances, politics, and exchange rate. The level of risk generally will define whether or not a project can be financed and at what rates of return. ÿ Dispatchability One of the primary benefits of CSP technologies is that they can be dispatched either through the use of thermal storage or through hybridization with conventional fuels. Dispatchability means that power can be generated when it is needed to meet peak-system power loads. The primary metrics for dispatchability are the time when the peak load occurs, the length of the peak-load period, and the capacity factor the system must maintain during the peak period. For example, the current SEGS plants in California have a peak period between 1200 and 1800 hours on summer weekdays, and the plants must maintain an 80% capacity factor during this period. The following table sets tentative quantitative goals for critical market requirements out to 2020. Table 2. Critical Market Requirements for Intermediate-Load Dispatchable Power Levelized Energy Cost (¢/kWh) Risk Equity IRR* Debt Interest Rate Performance Warranty (years) *internal rate of return Dispatchability Peak-Capacity Factor Peak-Period Duration (hours) Peak Season Time of Day Preferred Technology Annual Capacity Factor 1990 2000 15–18 10—12 18% 18% 9.5% 9.5% 10 3 95% 95% 6 3 summer annual afternoon evening fossil fossil 2005 2010 2015 2020 7–8 5–6 4–5 4 15% 15% 15% 15% 8% 8% 8% 8% 3 1 1 1 95% 90% 90% 90% 3 6 6 6 annual annual annual evening evening evening fossil thermal thermal annual evening thermal hybrid hybrid hybrid storage storage storage 34% 30% 30% 40% 50% 50% Page 8PDF Image | A Pathway for Sustained Commercial Development and Deployment of Parabolic Trough Technology
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