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Parabolic-Trough Technology Roadmap January 1999 TECHNOLOGY BASELINE Although all nine of the original SEGS plants continue to operate today, no new plants have been built since 1990. During the construction of these plants, significant cost reductions were achieved, driving the cost of electricity down from 24¢/kWh to 8¢/kWh (1988 dollars). Tax incentives and attractive power purchase contracts that were available at the time were largely responsible for the economic viability of these projects. With the expiration of many of these tax incentives and the continued drop in conventional energy prices, these plants would not be competitive in today's power market. Updating these costs to show the cost in 1998 dollars and the current tax environment raises the cost of power to about 12¢/kWh for an 80-MW SEGS plant. CURRENT STATUS OF TROUGH TECHNOLOGY The SEGS trough plants have performed well. Taking the cumulative 150-MW capacity of SEGS plants at Kramer Junction, California, as the best example, the electrical output of the plants has had an overall upward trend during the last 10 years, with some variations due to the influences of weather, significant alterations in the O&M structure and procedures, maturity of operation and experience, and spare parts availability. In recent years, the output has risen markedly. As a result, performance in 1996–1997 set many new records for output and efficiency. The Kramer Junction plants are very reliable in terms of solar field availability and on-peak production. The annual solar field availability—defined as the capability to operate—started at an adequate level in the 96%–97% range but then slowly climbed to about 99.5% as maintenance practices sharpened and spare parts problems were solved. (The power blocks also have shown very high availabilities.) With good solar field performance, well-maintained power systems, and the intelligent use of natural gas, the on-peak capacity factors have climbed to almost 110% of rated capacity. 100000 10 80000 8 60000 6 40000 4 20000 2 00 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 DNI Gross Solar Net Solar Figure 3. SEGS VI historical performance Figure 3 shows the historical SEGS VI solar electrical output. On a net basis, the SEGS VI annual solar-to- electric efficiency was 10.8% in 1997, higher than that of the other plants but a valid representative number. Reasonable projections for advanced troughs put that efficiency at the 15%–16% level. As would be expected, the peak solar-to-electric efficiencies are much higher than annual values. (Other technologies, such as photovoltaics, often give only peak values.) In July 1997 the peak instantaneous solar-to-electric efficiency reached about 21% and the daily efficiency was near 20% from 0900 to 1800 hours. The thermal efficiency of the solar field peaked at 60%. Once again, these achievements are for plants that have been in operation for 10 years. Page 9 Solar Production - MWh Solar Radiation - kWh/m^2PDF Image | A Pathway for Sustained Commercial Development and Deployment of Parabolic Trough Technology
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