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Parabolic-Trough Technology Roadmap January 1999 ÿ Advanced Trough Collector As illustrated above, the structure constitutes about 40% of the solar field cost, whereas the reflectors and receivers each cost from 20%–25% of the total. In the SEGS design, steel provides the major strength, with thick glass mirror panels giving the parabolic shape to the reflecting surface. Lower-cost designs can be explored for the steel structure, with a possible alternative of a lighter aluminum or composite structure integrated with a front surface reflector on film, thin glass, or structural member. Evolutionary improvements in the receivers are also possible. ÿ Direct Steam Generation (DSG) In the DSG concept, steam is generated directly in the parabolic-trough collectors. This saves cost by eliminating the need for the heat transfer fluid (HTF) system and reduces the efficiency loss involved with using a heat exchanger to generate steam. DSG should also improve the solar field operating efficiency due to lower average operating temperatures and improved heat transfer in the collector receiver. The trough collectors would require some modification due to the higher operating pressure and lower fluid flow rates. Control of a DSG solar field likely will be more complicated than the HTF systems and may require a more complex design layout and a tilted collector. DSG also makes it more difficult to provide any thermal storage. A pilot demonstration of DSG technology is in progress at the Plataforma Solar de Almería (PSA) in Spain. ÿ Solar Power Park Development One opportunity for significantly reducing the cost of CSP plants is to develop multiple plants at the same location in a solar power park environment. The power park offers a number of potential opportunities for reducing cost. If multiple projects are planned together, project development and engineering costs per project will likely be reduced. If the O&M is performed by a single company, significant reductions in overhead and improved O&M efficiency and skill coverage are possible. If the plants are built consecutively and the same construction crews are used for all plants, construction costs should be reduced through labor learning curve efficiencies. Multiple projects will mean multiyear manufacturing runs on solar collector components, resulting in reduced cost per collector. Competitive bidding of major power plant equipment, materials, and services will likely result in greater cost reduction for multiple projects. Building five plants in a phased project approach at the same site could in fact reduce costs by 25% to 30% for a single project. ÿ Project Financial Structure Parabolic-trough plants are capital-intensive projects. The cost of capital and the type of project financing can have a significant impact on the final cost of power. In the past, the SEGS projects were all financed as IPP projects. Significant cost reductions are possible if projects are owned by investor-owned utilities (IOUs), municipal utilities, or by the new generation companies (GenCos) that are being created as part of utility restructuring. Cost reductions approximately 10%–40% are possible through alternative ownership and financing structures. ÿ Tax Equity Studies have shown that capital-intensive power projects, such as parabolic-trough plants, pay a higher percentage of taxes than expense-intensive projects, such as fossil fuel technologies. Page 11PDF Image | A Pathway for Sustained Commercial Development and Deployment of Parabolic Trough Technology
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