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Parabolic-Trough Technology Roadmap January 1999 Parabolic-trough collectors have traditionally been installed horizontally, simplifying structural design but suffering from the cosine effects fundamental to a one-axis tracking system. A partial solution is to tilt the trough axis toward the south, allowing a higher useful flux on the collector but introducing design and maintenance complexity. Risk and cost-benefit analyses should be performed for this modification. RECEIVER TUBE The receiver tube has a major influence on the efficiency and reliability of the solar field. The newest receiver currently in use at the SEGS plants—termed a Heat Collection Element (HCE) and supplied by SOLEL—was initially developed by LUZ. During the last few years, the HCE has undergone additional development. Currently, the selective surface and the overall design characteristics are excellent. However, reliability and maintainability continue to be unsatisfactory. Relying on an evacuated annulus to minimize convection losses, this receiver suffers from excessive failures in the integrity of the outer glass envelope and the long-term level of vacuum. Additionally, the cost of the tube is significant in terms of overall solar field costs. Hence, increased lifetime, better maintainability, and lower cost must all be achieved. Several design features that maintain the vacuum also require further development. First is a glass- to-metal seal between the glass enclosure tube and the expansion bellows. Little is known about its long-term integrity, and accurate field monitoring of vacuum degradation is needed. Second is the means to maintain the vacuum. In the SEGS HCE, the vacuum is maintained over time by the use of absorbing getters or a special hydrogen removal device, which uses reverse osmosis. The latter, although effective, has led to premature failures of the HCEs due to excessive thermal stresses. Because the vacuum adds significantly to receiver efficiency, this area requires close attention. MIRROR FACETS The current glass mirrors have an excellent reflective surface design; however, reduced mirror breakage would lead to reduced spare parts and maintenance costs. Although only on the order of 1% per year, this is significant in absolute terms because of the large number of mirror panels. The as-new reflectivity of the mirrors—about 94%—can be reestablished after soiling by high-pressure washing with demineralized water, and corrosion of the silver layer has not proven to be a problem in the desert environment. However, the method of attachment of the mirrors to the structure is not as reliable as required, especially in high winds, leading to excessive failures at the attachment interface. New advancements in the attachment method, or strengthened mirror panels, are required. Front-surface mirrors or film reflectors could reduce the cost of the reflective surface in the solar field. This is an important goal, as the current design constitutes about 25% of the solar field cost. Although the reflector and structure form an integral unit to provide a highly reflective, accurately shaped parabolic trough, the issue is not simply one of a better reflective surface. A front-surface mirror on less-expensive glass (e.g., ordinary “green” glass) is one concept; silvered nonmetallic film on a structure consisting of both metallic and nonmetallic components is another. Fundamental cost-trade-off studies and advancement of the necessary components are required to explore cost- reduction approaches. Page 21PDF Image | A Pathway for Sustained Commercial Development and Deployment of Parabolic Trough Technology
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