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Parabolic-Trough Technology Roadmap January 1999 THERMAL STORAGE Thermal storage can be valuable in a number of operating conditions, such as markets requiring production shifts (e.g., where demand peaks occur in the evening) or locations where partly cloudy conditions are common and short-term buffering would be beneficial (e.g., Hawaii). Trough system feasibility studies have identified the need for thermal storage systems in locations such as northern Morocco, Crete, and Hawaii. The system usually postulated is a concrete-oil-iron sensible-heat storage system, though LUZ proposed the use of phase-change salts in a cascade design. However, neither system is ready for deployment: serious engineering development and prototype implementation are required for the first, whereas more basic development is required for the latter. A molten salt similar to the one used in the Solar Two power tower system, but for lower temperatures, also deserves evaluation. Success in this area will significantly extend the marketability of trough technology. Table 4. Component Development Metrics Collector 2010 2015 2020 $130 $120 $110 47% 49% 50% 300 275 250 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.15 0.1 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 1990 2000 2005 $/m2 $300 $215 $160 Cost Annual Optical Efficiency Mean Time Between hours 40% Failures Mean Time to Repair hours HCE Cost $/unit Failure Rate %/yr Absorptance Emittance Operating Temperature oC 391 Mirror Cost $/m2 120 Failure Rate %/yr 0.1%-1.0% Reflectivity 0.94 Lifetime years 20 Thermal Storage Cost $/kWht ----- Round-Trip Efficiency ----- *to be done 44% 45% TBD* TBD 500-1,000 2%-5% 500 400 1.0% 0.5% 0.94 0.96 0.96 400 90 0.10% 0.94 25 ----- ----- 425 450 500 500 75 60 55 50 0.05% 0.02% 0.01% 0.94 0.95 0.95 0.95 25 30 30 30 25 15 10 10 0.80 0.90 0.95 0.95 0.01% Page 22PDF Image | A Pathway for Sustained Commercial Development and Deployment of Parabolic Trough Technology
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