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Parabolic-Trough Technology Roadmap January 1999 ÿ Grants Several grants can be used to buy down the cost of environmentally friendly technologies. The Global Environment Facility,1 as part of its effort to foster technologies that can help mitigate greenhouse gases, is one such opportunity. The European Union's Thermie project provides another grant opportunity. ÿ Multi-Institutional Financial Facility Complex mixtures of institutions usually participate in the financing of large power projects. The integration of these participants into a single financing package can have a detrimental impact on the amount of time required to achieve financial closure on a project, especially when the project is the first of a kind. The advanced development of a multi-institutional financial facility that would be used to finance a number of parabolic-trough projects could both speed the process and reduce the transactional cost of financing each project. RISK REDUCTION Risk is a general term used to describe the uncertainties that could have a negative financial impact on a project. Risk can result from uncertainties in cost, schedule, technology, resource availability, power sales, financial parameters, political stability, or location. When a project is being considered, investors (debt and equity) analyze the project to evaluate the financial merit versus the risk. If the risk is high, the financial return must be sufficiently high to justify the potential risk. Thus, increased risk results in increased cost of capital. Unfortunately, projects using new technologies and projects in developing countries are usually considered high risk. It is important to minimize project risk whenever possible. ÿ Technology Risk Technology risk is one of the key barriers to the development of new technologies. Financial institutions prefer to take no technology risk when possible and otherwise like to see any technology demonstrated for a number of years before investing in it. In place of demonstrated operating experience, financial institutions like to see a performance guarantee backed by a large corporation with deep pockets. LUZ, for example, was forced to issue letters of credit to cover potential warranty payments. Future projects will need to develop some approach to ensure investor confidence in trough technology. This will likely include some form of performance warranty with appropriate backing. One important contribution to reducing risk of future projects is the development of a fund to act as a guarantee for future projects. Other opportunities for reducing risk include building more conservatism into the design and performance projections, and using a team with experience from the original SEGS plants. Finally it is important to make sure that all new technologies are sufficiently demonstrated prior to introduction into a commercial project. ÿ Development Risk 1 See World Bank/GEF Operational Program Number 7—Reducing the Long-Term Costs of Low Greenhouse Gas-Emitting Energy Technologies. Page 30PDF Image | A Pathway for Sustained Commercial Development and Deployment of Parabolic Trough Technology
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