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A challenge for the development of large-scale wind electric projects in western Canada and the US is that the wind resource of the prairies is far from population and industrial centers. Developing long transmission lines adds to the economic and environmental cost of bringing this “free” wind resource to market. However, this problem is no different than that faced by many large-scale hydroelectric projects in the past, which have overcome this location challenge. The advantage of utilizing small portions of agricultural lands to simultaneously produce electricity from wind, grain or livestock and cellulosic alcohol fuels could substantially raise living standards in rural agricultural regions. A number of small wind projects have been installed in remote rural locations, including the Yukon. A newly developed, wind-diesel hybrid system that requires no electricity storage has the potential to triple the wind market for isolated communities (CANWEA 2002). Mexico Mexico has the least-developed commercial renewable energy programs of the three countries; however, biomass forms a significant portion of the informal economy in many parts of the country. Firewood represents about four percent of Mexico’s energy use (WRI 2000; Secretaría de Energía 2002). With its abundant petroleum and natural gas resources relative to its demand, it has only begun to explore the potential for renewables. The relative shortage of water for electric power production and, in particular, for cooling, especially along the border region with the US, has provided an additional incentive (Conae 2002). Mexico is blessed with abundant sunshine as the southern-most nation among the NAFTA countries, but all three nations have substantial solar potential. There is also significant wind potential, and biomass from sugar cane is a promising additional renewable resource. Being in a volcanic region, Mexico also has substantial geothermal energy potential. The capacity it has already developed is equivalent to about one-third that of the US, and provides two percent of its total electricity (WRI 2000). While water is scarce there is still significant opportunities for hydroelectricity in certain regions of Mexico. Large-scale hydro capacity in excess of 9000 MW is currently in place and 34 small-scale sites are developed with a capacity of 109 MW. It is estimate that there is a potential for 3250 MW of facilities under 10 MW in size (Conae2002). Mexico has substantial wind potential, but little of it is developed. An expansion from 1.6 MW to 54 MW is planned in Oaxaca. Mexico has identified many additional high-quality wind sites in Baja California, Tehuantepec, Yucatán, in the central and northern regions and along the coast. Wind currently contributes a modest amount to Mexico’s electric grid, but proposals to expand wind generation capacity to 5000 MW by 2010 have been made (Conae2002a). Commercial biomass is not yet a major factor in Mexico, although about 88 petajoules of bagasse is utilized for fuel at sugar mills. It is thought that additional potential of 3000 GWh exists for biomass in Mexico (Secretaría de Energía 2000). 3PDF Image | Assessing Barriers and Opportunities for Renewable Energy in North America
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