Assessing Barriers and Opportunities for Renewable Energy in North America

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Assessing Barriers and Opportunities for Renewable Energy in North America ( assessing-barriers-and-opportunities-renewable-energy-north- )

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improve the quality of life of people in these regions. Research on the conversion of biomass to hydrogen to operate fuel cells would also benefit all three countries. Canada is the leader in the race to commercialize the fuel cell for both power production and as the engine for 21st-century transport. With the large gas and oil fields in all three countries, there is also ample opportunity to develop physical options for carbon dioxide sequestration for both biomass and fossil fuels. The additional advantage of sequestering carbon from biomass is that hydrogen production actually removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. During the past year the New England Governors and Eastern Canadian Premiers (CNEG and ECP 2001) declared that it is time to set specific goals to address climate change: ß Short-term – Stabilize greenhouse gas emissions at 1990 levels by 2010. ß Mid-term – Reduce greenhouse gas emissions levels 10 percent below 1990 levels by 2020 ß Long-term – Reduce greenhouse gas emissions levels eventually by 75–80 percent. Renewable energy will play a critical role along with improved energy efficiency in vehicles, buildings, appliances, lighting and industrial processes to achieving that goal. The driving forces of improving the economy and standard of living of all North Americans, providing for a sustaining environment and having greater economic and national security all depend upon a sharply enhanced role for renewable energy. Conclusions Is it likely that North America can achieve the projection set by the International Energy Agency that half the world’s energy could come from renewable sources by 2050? Is it really possible to meet the goal set forth by the New England Governors and Eastern Canadian Premiers of eventually reducing greenhouse gases by 75–80 percent in northeastern North America? Nothing is guaranteed, but to move in those directions will require concerted efforts to introduce more renewable energy in all three countries, develop policies that will encourage the adoption of technologies for renewables, encourage markets that improve these technologies over time, and increase cooperation among the NAFTA partners. There are many opportunities for significantly increasing the amount of renewable electricity, heat and fuels in all three countries. Doing so would provide significant benefits for each country in terms of security of energy supply (especially in the transport sector); in reducing air, water and land degradation; and in significantly lowering the emission of climate altering greenhouse gases. Done properly, expanding renewable energy would increase jobs, promote economic and rural development, and reduce the scale of payments abroad. Successfully creating jobs by shifting to renewables will depend upon careful attention to providing transitional support to displaced workers, to encouraging renewables through tax offsets and reductions, and to ensuring that energy-intensive industries receive transitional assistance (Barrett and Hoerner 2002). 10

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