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Resource Data Solar This report utilizes two solar datasets: a national solar resource assessment for the United States at a resolution of approximately 40 km by 40 km and a regional solar resource assessment for the southwestern United States at a resolution of approximately 10 km by 10 km. The CSP analysis utilized direct normal data, which represent concentrating systems that track the sun throughout the day, such as trough collectors or dishes. The PV analysis used data representing a 1-axis tracking flat plate collector with 0 degrees of tilt, oriented in a north-south direction. The national dataset was produced by the Climatological Solar Radiation (CSR) Model, developed by NREL for DOE. The data are updated periodically; the most recent update was in mid-2001 and represents 14 collector configurations. The solar resource is represented as kilowatt-hours per square meter per day for each month (kWh/m2/day), representing an average over 7 years (1985-1991). This model uses information on cloud cover, atmospheric water vapor and trace gases, and the amount of aerosols in the atmosphere to calculate the instantaneous insolation from both the sun and the sky. These can be combined to simulate the total radiation falling on a flat surface tilted in any direction. Where possible, existing ground-measurement stations were used to validate the model. Nevertheless, uncertainty is associated with the meteorological input to the model because some of the input parameters are not available at a 40- km resolution. As a result, the modeled values are believed to be accurate to approximately 10% of a true measured value within the grid cell. The southwest regional dataset was developed by the State University of New York’s GOES satellite solar model. This data provides monthly average and annual average daily total solar resource averaged over surface cells of approximately 10 km by 10 km in size. The solar resource value is represented as kWh/m2/day, representing an average over 5 years (1998-2002). This model uses hourly satellite observed visible irradiance, atmospheric water vapor and trace gases, and the amount of aerosols in the atmosphere to calculate the monthly average daily total of the normal or beam insolation falling on a tracking concentrator pointed directly at the sun. Existing ground-measurement stations are used to validate the data where possible. The modeled values are accurate to approximately 12% of a true measured value within the grid cell as a result of the uncertainties associated with meteorological input to the model. Because of terrain effects and other microclimate influences, local cloud cover can vary significantly even within a single grid cell. Furthermore, the uncertainty of the modeled estimates increases with distance from reliable measurement sources and with the complexity of the terrain. Concentrating solar collectors are much more sensitive to solar resource characteristics than flat-plate collectors, so these sources of uncertainty are more important to concentrator applications. Wind Wind resource data from many different sources was used in this analysis. Updated resource assessments of Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Idaho, Illinois, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Montana, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, North Carolina, North Dakota, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, and Wyoming were complete at the time the analysis was B- 2PDF Image | Assessing the Potential for Renewable Energy on National Forest System Lands
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