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The following items were also identified by the meeting participants, but were not identified as the most important screening criteria. • A water supply is needed. • Land slope is 7%-12% or less. • The visual impact is an issue. • Landscape changes caused by harvesting must be considered. • Invasive species control is a consideration. • Livestock protection is possible at the site. • Forest thinning and municipal solid waste applications are good potential sites. • Full cost of competing power (production, T&D, environmental costs, etc.) is known and favorable to biomass. Geothermal High-Potential Site Identification: Direct Data Collection with BLM State Offices The BLM has had statutory authority for leasing geothermal mineral rights under the Geothermal Steam Act of 1970 (P.L. 91-581; 30 U.S.C. §§ 1001-1027, December 24, 1970, as amended 1977, 1988, and 1993). Therefore, the BLM has extensive experience with geothermal resources and environmental impact assessments. In addition, the BLM’s sister agency within the DOI, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), completed a nationwide assessment of geothermal resources in the United States some years ago. The data were collected in 1978 and published in 1979 as Circular 790 (Muffler 1979). Although resources are available, geothermal activity has decreased markedly over the past 17 years. In 1985, more than 2 million acres were leased for geothermal activity in the United States, and 1.2 million acres were leased in Nevada alone. (Nationally, there were 29 power plants on line and more than 680 leases.) At that time, it took only two to three months to issue a permit. BLM had a $3.2 million budget, and 464 work months were dedicated to the geothermal program. During the 1990s, when energy economics declined, industry’s efforts in geothermal decreased. This lack of activity led to a decrease in geothermal program emphasis within BLM and USGS. As of May 23, 2002, there were 329 leases and 299 pending lease applications. At least 83 of the geothermal lease applications are more than 25 years old. As a result of this decline in program emphasis, no current resource data provide detailed information on geothermal resources in the United States. The best data currently available are Professor David Blackwell’s compilation at Southern Methodist University (SMU) (www.smu.edu/geothermal/georesou/georesourcesmap.htm), based on the 1978 USGS data and other information collected since then. The map is a qualitative composite of heat flow, thermal gradient, sediment thickness, and hot springs. Based on these variables, this map demonstrates broad areas of geothermal resources and rates these resources as “excellent” or “good.” The SMU data show general areas suitable for possible geothermal development; specific areas need to be identified by local-area studies. The SMU data were deemed inadequate for purposes of identifying the BLM planning units with the highest near-term geothermal potential because they are too geographically broad. For example, the SMU data classify virtually the entire state of Nevada as having excellent geothermal resource potential, allowing no differentiation among areas within the state. 10PDF Image | Assessing The Potential For Renewable Energy On Public Lands
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