PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 004
P barometric pressure (kPa) T absolute temperature (Kelvin) G molecular weight of exhaust gas (kg/kg.mol) Z compressibility factor of exhaust gas C. Waste Heat Analysis A significant amount of heat is lost through the flue gases as all the heat produced from the combustion process of the gas turbine cannot be transferred to water or steam in the waste heat steam boiler. Therefore, recovering the heat from the exhaust gas can help to improve the total efficiency of the CHP system. Heat can be recovered from the flue gas by passing it through a heat exchanger that is installed after the boiler [10] or using an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) machine to produce electricity from the low grade waste heat [11]-[12]. The amount of waste heat available (sensible heat) can be expressed as: 2) 219°C leaving the waste heat boiler. As the ambient air temperature increases to 25°C, the exhaust gas flow rate decreases to 16.6 kg/s and the temperature from the gas turbine increases to 542°C, and 228°C leaving the waste heat boiler. Waste Heat Analysis at Various Steam Production Rate. The fluctuation of steam demand from the site will affect the grade and quantity of the waste heat from the waste heat boiler. Figure 6(a) and 6(b) show the results of simulation of waste heat analysis from the waste heat boiler at various steam production and ambient temperatures. The simulation was done at a constant gas turbine power output, 4.35 MW . At 100% steam production, the amount of waste heat available from the CHP system is 4.62 MW at an ambient temperature of -5°C. At 52% steam production, the amount of waste heat available is 7.36 MW. At an ambient temperature of 25°C, the amount of waste heat available is between 3.62 MW and 6.36 MW at 100% and 52% steam production respectively. The temperature of the exhaust gas varies between 219 °C and 381°C. Waste Heat Analysis at Various Gas Turbine Output. Figure 7(a) shows the influence of the gas turbine output on exhaust gas conditions. At 2.3 MW gas turbine output, the flow rate of the exhaust gas is 18.19 kg/s and the temperature from the gas turbine is 490°C. The analysis was done at constant steam output, 8,165 kg/hr and ambient temperature of 5°C. Figure 7(b) shows the analysis of the exhaust gas temperature and amount of waste heat from the waste heat boiler. At 2.3 MW gas turbine output, the temperature of the waste heat is 201°C with 3.82 MW of energy available. The temperature of the exhaust gas from the waste heat boiler increases as the gas turbine output increases. = ∆ where m mass flow of flue gas (kg/s) Cp specific heat of flue gas (kJ/kg.K) ∆T temperature drop of flue gas (oC) D. Recovering Waste Heat using ORC Systems (5) The amount of waste heat recovered depends on the properties of the working fluid of the ORC system. This research focuses on using Clean CycleTM 125 ORC systems to recover the waste heat. The technical specifications of the Clean CycleTM 125 ORC systems are shown in table III. Table III. Technical specifications of Clean CycleTM 125 ORC Systems[29] 3) Working fluid Electrical output gross Evaporation temperature of refrigerant Input energy 3. Results A. HYSYS Simulation R-245fa 125 kW 121oC 980 kW The results of the simulation model were based on clean performances of the CHP systems: 1) Waste Heat Analysis at Various Ambient Temperatures. Figure 5(a) and 5(b) show the influence of ambient air temperature on the exhaust gas flow rate and exhaust gas temperatures leaving the gas turbine and waste heat boiler. The ambient air temperature has strong influence on the performance of the gas turbine [26]-[27]. The net power output from the gas turbine decreases with the increase of ambient air temperature [28]. At an ambient air temperature of -5°C, the flow rate of the exhaust gas is 19.2 kg/s and the temperature of the exhaust gas from the gas turbine is 494°C, and B. Pitot Tube Measurements The results of the Pitot Tube measurements are shown in figure 8 below. Figure 8(a) shows the temperature and mass flow profiles of the exhaust gas at a gas turbine power output of 2.3 MW. At 2.3 MW gas turbine power output, the average flow rate of the exhaust gas is 19.7 kg/s and average temperature of 214°C. The amount of waste heat rate available is 4.50 MW. This is based on an ambient temperature of 5°C. At higher load (figure 8(b)), 4.35 MW gas turbine power output, the amount of waste heat rate available is 5.13MW. This is based on an average flow rate of 19.8 kg/s and average temperature of exhaust gas of 242°C. C. Waste Heat Availability Analysis The analysis of the amount of energy exhausted from the stack is shown in figure 9. The analysis was done based on historical data of the performance of the CHP system: gas turbine power output, steam production, ambientPDF Image | Assessment and modelling of the waste heat availability from gas turbine based CHP systems for ORC systems
PDF Search Title:
Assessment and modelling of the waste heat availability from gas turbine based CHP systems for ORC systemsOriginal File Name Searched:
714_firdaus.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)