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Stirling engines are classified according to their arrangement; alpha, beta, and gamma arrangement. The alpha configurations have two pistons in separate cylinders connected in series by a regenerator, a heater, and a cooler. One of the cylinders is heated up and the other is cooled down. The Stirling cycle based on two opposing pistons in motion is shown in figure 1. It consists of two isothermal and two isochoric processes. During the isothermal compression (1-2), the cold piston moves towards the regenerator and heat is rejected to an external sink. In the following step (2- 3), both pistons move similarly so that the volume remains constant and the working fluid is transferred through the regenerator and at the same time internal heat transfer from the working fluid to the regenerator is taking place. This step is followed by the isothermal expansion process (3-4) with only the hot piston moving and heat is added to the working fluid from an external source. In the step (4-1) both pistons move keeping the volume constant and transferring the working fluid through the regenerator and at the same time internal heat transfer from the regenerator to the working fluid is taking place. (Puech et al., 2011) FIGURE 1. Stirling cycle with piston position (left) (Puech et al., 2011) and PV and TS diagrams for Stirling engine with ideal isothermal and isochoric processes (right). (Thombare et al., 2008) Heat can be supplied to a Stirling engine hot cylinder by e.g. burning diesel oil, gasoline, liquefied propane gas (LPG), liquefied natural gas (LNG), biogas, syngas, biomass, liquid biofuels, or by directing concentrated solar irradiance. The current applications of Stirling engine under development are heating and cooling, combined heat and power, solar power generation, Stirling cryocoolers, heat pump, marine engines, nuclear power generation, automotive engines, electric vehicles, aircraft engines, and low temperature difference engines. (Puech et al., 2011) 47PDF Image | BIOMASS TO ENERGY AND CHEMICALS HighBio2 Project Publication
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