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TABLE 3. CO NO NO2 N2O SO2 HCl HF NH3 CO2 H2O O2 Measurement uncertainties of Gasmet FTIR multicomponent gas analyser (Gasmet Ltd). Component Certification range Total expanded uncertainty* Unit 0 - 75 0 - 200 0 - 200 0 - 100 0 - 75 0 - 15 0- 3 0 - 15 0 - 25 0 - 30 0 - 25 3.0 mg/m3 8.6 mg/m3 11.5 mg/m3 4.4 mg/m3 4.7 mg/m3 1.2 mg/m3 0.18 mg/m3 0.96 mg/m3 1.25 vol-% 1.86 vol-% 0.60 vol-% * Total expanded uncertainty (Uc) is calculated according to EN ISO14956 as the combined uncertainty uc multiplied by a coverage factor of 1.96 Results of the continuous emission measurements from the Stirling engine (Pieniniemi et al., 2013) are compared to the emissions of the internal combustion (IC) engine measured earlier (Muilu et al., 2010) in table 4. As can be seen from table 4 nitrogen oxide (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO) and sulphur dioxide (SO2) emissions from the Stirling engine CHP are significantly lower than that of the IC engine CHP using the same Centria gasifier. TABLE 4. Composition and concentration of the flue gas main gaseous components along with the estimated combined uncertainty for the Centria gasifier using an internal combustion engine and a Stirling engine respectively. Measured with FTIR Gasmet gas analyser. 0.4 ±0.04 vol% 17±2 vol% 170 ±19 25 ±4 332 ±37 Measured flue gas component IC engine (dry, STP (0°C, 1 atm) mg/Nm3 (Muilu et al., 2010) Stirling engine (dry, STP (0°C, 1 atm) mg/Nm3 6% O2 (k=2) (Pieniniemi et al., 2013) O2 CO2 CO SO2 NOx 4.1 ± 1.0 vol% 16.6 ± 0.8 vol% 10 ± 4 0.4 ± 2 41 ± 7 51PDF Image | BIOMASS TO ENERGY AND CHEMICALS HighBio2 Project Publication
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