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CO2 Separation Techniques Dahiru Rufai Ahmed, Jani Kangas and Juha Tanskanen University of Oulu, Process and Environmental Engineering (Chemical Process Laboratory), Finland Introduction The removal of CO2 from a gas mixture represents a great challenge to power plants and other members of the CO2 emitting industries. CO2 capture techniques can be used, for example, in natural gas cleaning and in the production of hydrogen, ammonia, and other industrial chemicals. The captured CO2 is sequestered underground or deep in the ocean. Recently, the possibility to use the captured CO2 as a raw material for the production of useful chemicals in different industries has been investigated (Metz et al., 2005). The decisive parameter in the selection of a carbon dioxide removal technique from a product gas is the partial pressure of CO2 in the gas stream. The overall need for gas purification is, however, dependent on the downstream requirements for the utilization of the important gas components. Furthermore, the existing regulations on greenhouse gases emissions have prompted a search for a capture and separation technology that could limit the release of CO2 to a bearable level and maintain the production costs at a relatively low level in the power plants and other related industries. There are four basic options for the capture of CO2 in industries. These options are CO2 capture from an industrial process stream, pre-combustion capture, post-combustion capture, and oxy-fuel capture (Metz et al., 2005). CO2 can be captured from an industrial process stream with multiple techniques. These techniques are outlined in the following sections. Generally, CO2 is stored only if there are clear incentives or provisions for its storage. In pre-combustion capture, the fuel reacts with the air or steam to yield syngas via partial oxidation, gasification, or reforming 59PDF Image | BIOMASS TO ENERGY AND CHEMICALS HighBio2 Project Publication
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