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carbon tends to exhibit substantial changes in pore size in an oxidizing environment (Centeno & Fuertes, 2000). Silica is foreseen as an interesting material for gas separation due to its exceptional thermal, chemical, and structural stability in both oxidative and reductive atmospheres. In addition, silica is a very versatile material for gas separation membranes because its structure can be tailored by changing the preparation method and conditions (National Energy Technology Laboratory, 2003). However, diffusion in amorphous silica with very small pores is relatively slow. One significant developing field around the world is research into using zeolite membranes for gas separation. The membranes are presumed to be attractive in gas separation due to the presence of molecular-sized cavities as well as their thermal stability, solvent resistance, and shape selectivity (Caro et al., 2000). The electrical charge or polarity of the zeolites promotes the attraction or sorting of molecules. The ability of zeolite to selectively adsorb molecules by size and polarity is the key to their unusual efficiency for gas separation (National Energy Technology Laboratory, 2003). Other applicable membrane materials include mixed matrix membranes. These are aimed at offsetting the drawbacks of selectivity and permeability of the polymeric membranes, as well as at mitigating the significantly high cost and handling as well as processing difficulty associated with inorganic membranes. A hybrid membrane, the modified version of an inorganic membrane, can also be used, as can facilitated transport membranes, which are based on the reversible reaction between a carrier agent and the penetrating species. Other techniques Other CO2 separation techniques are hydrate-based separation, in which the gas stream is exposed to water under high pressure to form a hydrate. Chemical-looping combustion in turn integrates two reactors (air and fuel reactors) and oxygen is circulated between the reactors for the oxidation process. In this process, a gas mixture of mainly CO2/H2O is formed and the formation of NOx is offset (Morin & Corinee, 2005). In addition to these techniques, enzymes are also gaining interest as a potential technique for CO2 separation. The benefits of enzymes include mild process conditions (e.g., energy savings, high yields, less harmful side reaction) and renewability. 63PDF Image | BIOMASS TO ENERGY AND CHEMICALS HighBio2 Project Publication
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