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HIGHBIO2 PROJECT PUBLICATION Systematic research on experimental measurements for choline chloride/ urea was carried out in the HighBio2 project (Ji, et al., 2013b; Xie et al. 2013). The density, interfacial tension, and viscosity at atmospheric pressure were measured at temperatures from 298.2 K to 333.2 K. The solubilities of CO2, CH4, H2, CO, and N2 in choline chloride/urea were determined at temperatures of 308.2 K, 318.2 K and 328.2 K and at pressures from 0.4 to 4.6 MPa. The water effect on these properties has been studied. The results show that the solubility of CO2 is larger than that of four gases and the sequence is CO2˃CH4˃N2˃H2≈CO, as shown in Figure 2. The effects of water on viscosity, surface tension, and CO2 solubility are considerable, but its effect on density is weak. Figure 3 illustrates the viscosity at different temperatures and water contents. The viscosity decreases as water content and temperature increases. The viscosity of choline chloride/urea is very high at low temperatures. For example, the viscosity is larger than 1571 mPa·s at 298.15 K for choline chloride/urea with a very small amount of water (0.12%). When the water content increases to 3.61%, the viscosity decreases to 337 mPa·s, which is only one-fifth of the viscosity compared to that with 0.12% water. With increasing water content, the viscosity keeps decreasing, but the drop is not as notable as those at higher choline chloride/urea concentrations. FIGURE 2. Solubilities of gases in choline chloride/urea at 308.2 K., H2;, CO;, N2;, CH4;, CO2; Curves: correlations. 72PDF Image | BIOMASS TO ENERGY AND CHEMICALS HighBio2 Project Publication
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