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HIGHBIO2 PROJECT PUBLICATION Active Metal CATALYST Support material Promoter 80 FIGURE 1. Components of an active catalyst. There are a number of supports used for FT catalysts, such as titanium dioxide (TiO2), alumina oxide (Al2O3) and zirconium oxide (ZrO2). These supports have a number of common properties, including a large specific surface, pore distribution suitable for the expected end products and high mechanical strength. The supports can be manufactured in different shapes and are today available as powders or compressed and shaped into spheres of different sizes like rings and pellets. The choice of support must be evaluated in each individual case and it is dependent on, among other factors, reactor type and size, water content in the syngas, attrition effects and diffusion-related kinetic problems. For each catalyst three important parameters must be known in order to use it commercially: catalytic activity, selectivity, and stability. Activity is defined as the mass of products produced by time unit and mass unit catalyst. It tells how much product can be produced by the catalyst. Selectivity is defined as the mass of wanted product in relation to the mass of products totally produced. These parameters must be measured at the conversion level used for the final reaction or at the same level for all catalysts in order to achieve comparable results. Stability is a measure of the long-term activity of the catalyst, and it can be lost by, for example, thermal deactivation, poisoning, or mechanical attrition. The development of catalysts is a time-consuming process including several steps. These steps includes catalyst preparation (wet or dry impregnation, drying, and calcination), characterization by a number ofPDF Image | BIOMASS TO ENERGY AND CHEMICALS HighBio2 Project Publication
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