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Conclusions Chemically activated carbon residue may be used as a low-cost adsorbent for the removal of phosphates and nitrates in, for example, wastewater treatment. In the case of phosphates, we observed that modified carbon residue has an adsorption capacity that is notably higher than commercial activated carbon. In addition, we found that adsorption capacity is also substantially better for activated carbon residue than it is for carbon residue. This result indicates that adsorption capacity can clearly be enhanced by chemical activation. Gasification carbon residue is an effective and inexpensive adsorbent, and it has the potential to significantly reduce waste streams. This innovation creates possibilities for using this low value by-product in new water treatment applications. References Afkhami, A., Madrakian, T. and Karimi, Z., The effect of acid treatment of carbon cloth on the adsorption of nitrite and nitrate ions, J. Hazard. Mater. 144, 427-431, 2007. Ahmadpour, A. and Do, D.D., The preparation of active carbons from coal by chemical and physical activation, Carbon 34 (4), 471-479, 1996. Ahmadpour, A. and Do, D.D., The preparation of activated carbon from macadamia nutshell by chemical activation, Carbon 35 (12), 1723-1732, 1997. Bolan, N.S., Wong, L. and Adriano, D.C., Nutrient removal from farm effluents, Bioresources Technology 94, 251-260, 2004. Chen, J., Kong, H., Wu, D., Hu, Z, Wang, Z. and Wang, Y., Removal of phosphate from aqueous solution by zeolite synthesized from fly ash, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 300, 491-497, 2006. Directive 2008/98/EC of the European parliament and of the council, Official Journal of the European Union, 19 November, 2008. Feleke, Z. and Sakakibara, Y., A bio-electrochemical reactor coupled with adsorber for the removal of nitrate and inhibitory pesticide, Water Res. 36, 3092-3102, 2002. Huang, X., Liao X. and Shi, B., Adsorption removal of phosphate in industrial wastewater by using metal-loaded skin spit waste, J. Hazard. Mater. 166, 1261-1265, 2009. 91PDF Image | BIOMASS TO ENERGY AND CHEMICALS HighBio2 Project Publication
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