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Different oils and solvents were also tested for the extraction of impurities from the water samples. The result was that the dirty/used motor oil, biodiesel, and rape seed oil all caused a water-oil emulsion after extraction both in water and oil phases. Extractions were also performed with kerosene, pentanol, and hexanol. These produced better results than the oils that were first tested. The third time the extractions were tested with lamp oil (almost the same as kerosene), pure motor oil, diesel oil, and fuel oil. These also gave good results. Filtering the samples A packed column with activated carbon (provided by Merck) and gasification carbon residue was used for filtering the samples. The column was packed as follows: 1. Glass wool 2. Sand 6.25 g 3. Activated carbon + sand mixture 20.4 g 4. Sand 16.2 g 5. Glass wool The test was then repeated using carbon residue from the biogasification process instead of the activated carbon. The water was discharged upward. Before the test the system was rinsed with deionized water for about an hour. The flow rate with deionized water was 26 ml/min. The flow rate of the sample was 2 ml/min through the activated carbon and the carbon residue from the biogasification process. A faster flow rate (29 ml/min) with the carbon residue from the biogasification process was also tested. Activated carbon and carbon residue were dried at 105 °C overnight and then crushed and screened under 150 μm. The surface area from BET1 measurement was 603 m2/g for activated carbon and 37.9 m2/g for the bio ash (carbon residue), which indicates the adsorption potential of the material. The purification efficiency was clearly dependent on the surface area and carbon content of the filtration material (Kilpimaa et al., 2013). 1 Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) theory aims to explain the physical adsorp- tion of gas molecules on a solid surface and serves as the basis for an impor- tant analysis technique for the measurement of the specific surface area of a material. 97PDF Image | BIOMASS TO ENERGY AND CHEMICALS HighBio2 Project Publication
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