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The 4th International Symposium – Supercritical CO2 Power Cycles September 9-10, 2014, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania 1. decreased back pressure on the turbine due to the condensing the CO2 at + 5 C within the ice- melting heat sink, 2. the better cycle efficiency due to the lower heat sink temperature 34.5% versus 31.7%, and 3. higher waste heat utilization fraction; defined as the fraction of waste heat that gets into the CO2 . For the Ice-Rankine cycle it is 68% while it is 44.7% for the Brayton cycle. (Note, the Excel solver was used to maximize the amount of electrical power produced for the proposed system configuration. Also, the performance for other system configurations was not fully examined, thus there may be other power cycle configurations that offer some marginal benefit.) (a) SCO2 CIR with Ice E-storage RANKINE Cycle T-S curve 750 650 550 450 350 250 T-S Sat-Liq Sat-Vap 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Entropy (kJ/kg-K) (b) SCO2 CIR with BRAYTON T-S curve T-S Sat-Liq Sat-Vap 750 650 550 450 350 250 0.50 1.00 1.50 Entropy (kJ/kg-K) 2.00 2.50 3.00 Figure 2: Temperature-Entropy diagrams for the Ice-Rankine cycle (a) and for the non-condensing Brayton S CO2 power cycle (b). SCO2 REFRIGERATION CYCLE DESCRIPTION As described in the preceding section, the power peaking plant uses the melting of bulk quantities of stored-ice to lower the heat rejection temperature and pressure which greatly increases the power generation capability of the ice-Rankine cycle compared to the Brayton cycle. The method of generating this ice is described in these paragraphs. It consists of an SCO2 transcritical refrigeration heat pump plant that takes heat from water to form ice, and rejects high temperature waste heat to the environment. The process flow diagram for the ice-making SCO2 refrigeration system is illustrated in Figure 3. The temperature entropy diagram for this cycle is shown in Figure 4. A summary of the important operating parameters are also provided in Table 3a and 3b. The refrigeration system uses CO2 at -5 C to remove heat from water to form ice. The ice is formed over coils of CO2 flowing within a large ice-on-coils tank (~ 5m height x 20 m OD for 50 volume percent ice). Note that in the proposed peaking plant this ice is generated over an 8 hour time period, while the discharge process (ice-melting) takes place over 4 hours. Electricity is either purchased from the grid or 6 Temperatuare (K) Temperatuare (K)PDF Image | Bulk Energy Storage using a Supercritical CO2 Waste Heat Recovery Power Plant
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