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The 4th International Symposium – Supercritical CO2 Power Cycles September 9-10, 2014, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania from the SCO2 Brayton cycle that continues to run during this time period. The same ice-on-coils tank is used in the charging cycle as is used in the discharging cycle (ice-melting). The CO2pressure is ~30 bar within the coils of the storage tank. Ice-on-coils energy storage tanks are commercial components (5), but development is still required to use CO2 to make ice, primarily because of the larger pressure of CO2 in the coils. Most commercial ice-on-coil or tube-ice makers use either a refrigerant or a water- ethylene-propylene-glycol mixture at approximately -5C make the ice. The performance of the ice-generating refrigeration loop can be improved by using a turbo-expander to lower the pressure and temperature of the CO2 rather than an expansion valve. This type of turbo- expander is often used in Air Separation Units to recover some of the energy that is available during the expansion process. However, some amount of development and testing to verify the ability of the turbine to expand into the liquid side of the two phase region and to characterize the efficiency of this turbine. Because there is only a factor of about 10 between the liquid density and the vapor density, erosion in the turbine is expected to be greatly reduced compared to steam systems where this is problematic but can be accepted over a range of liquid fractions. 8.000 Hours CO2 Refrigeration Heat Pump Gear Compressor 1r 4r Comp 2r Motor Ice on Coil Generator HX Expansion Valve Or Turbine 2w Water/Air 1w Figure 3: Process flow diagram for the SCO2 refrigeration system. The illustration shows an expansion valve in the loop, however an alternative is to use a turbo-expander, which is capable or recovering some of the power required to run the compressor. The proposed ice generating refrigeration system uses a pressure ratio of 3.0, with a flow rate varying from 47.7-50.1 kg/s of CO2. The net Coefficient of Performance (COP) is estimated to vary from 2.97 to 3.34 depending on whether the expansion valve or the turbo-expander is used. The refrigeration 7 3r KPDF Image | Bulk Energy Storage using a Supercritical CO2 Waste Heat Recovery Power Plant
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