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The 4th International Symposium – Supercritical CO2 Power Cycles September 9-10, 2014, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania 8 hours of ice-making or charging cycle when the 5.6 MWe produced from the WHR Brayton cycle is reduced by 2.6 MWe to run the turbo-compressor in the turbo-expander refrigeration cycle. The resulting net power during the ice-production time period (8 hours) is therefore 3.0 MWe. The corresponding electrical energy produced by these three different operating modes is illustrated in Figure 6 which shows the results assuming that a turbo-expander is used in the refrigeration system. Column A shows that 37 MWh of peak power is available for 4 hours (at 9.3 MWe). The value 37 MWh is the amount of dispatchable energy that is provided by this plant. Column B shows the gross energy that is available 111.6 MWh over a 20 hour period (12+8 hours) from the Brayton cycle, while Column C shows the electrical energy 20.2 MWh required to make ice by running the turbo-compressor in the turbo-expander refrigeration system. Thus 183% (37/20.2) of the electrical energy used to make the ice can be dispatched to the grid at any time after the ice is made. The available energy is greater than one because the recovered energy comes from the high temperature waste heat stream (not from the low temperature waste heat-of-rejection used in the refrigeration system). A summary table of these energy storage values is provided in Table 4. This table includes results for both the SCO2 refrigeration system that uses an expansion valve and a turbo-expander. 10000 9000 8000 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 Power Produced and Consumed over 24 Hour Period Brayton WHR Power (kWe) Ice-Rankine Power (kWe) Elect. Pwr to Make Ice(kWe) Energy to Make Ice Is Shifted. 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Time (hours) Figure 5: Power produced by the WHR bulk energy storage plant over a 24 hour period. Note the 9.2 MWe that are available/dispatchable for 4 hours compared to the 5.57 MWe that are available during 12 hours, and 3.05 MWe (5.57-2.5 MWe) available for 8 hours during the late night and early morning hours. Values are based on using a turbo-expander for the refrigeration cycle. ROUND TRIP EFFICIENCY The figure of merit for energy storage systems it the round trip efficiency. It should be noted that the system described in this report only uses ice-energy storage. The system as proposed does not store the hot thermal energy from the refrigeration process to be recovered as would be required in an ideal thermal energy storage plant (6). Instead, a higher quality waste heat source at 538 C (from a gas turbine or industrial heat source) is used for power production, which means that the use of stored ice-energy 10 Power Produced (kWe)PDF Image | Bulk Energy Storage using a Supercritical CO2 Waste Heat Recovery Power Plant
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