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The 4th International Symposium – Supercritical CO2 Power Cycles September 9-10, 2014, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania allows better electricity recovery of the waste heat by increasing the waste heat utilization and by increasing the SCO2 power system efficiency. Therefore, the definition of round trip efficiency needs to be clearly defined. In this report two terms are used for round trip efficiency; they are dispatchable round trip efficiency and excess dispatchable round trip efficiency. Based on the preceding paragraph, the dispatchable round trip efficiency is the ratio of the energy produced (37 MWh) to that used (20.2MWh) or (37/20.2) = 183%. The dispatchable round trip efficiency exceeds 100% because the dispatchable energy includes energy recovered from the ice, but also additional energy due to better waste heat utilization, and better thermo-dynamic cycle efficiency. Another way to define the round trip efficiency for this system is to look at the excess dispatchable energy. The excess dispatchable energy is the difference between the energy produced during ice- melting discharge cycle (column A in Figure 6, 37 MWh) minus the energy that would have been produced without ice storage (column D in Figure 6) 5.6 MW*8 hours=22.3 MWh). So this excess dispatchable energy is 37 MWh – 22.3 MWh, or 14.7 MWh which is shown in column E of Figure 6 . In this case the excess round trip dispatchable efficiency is the ratio of excess energy produced ÷ energy required for ice-energy-storage, or column E ÷ column C =14.7 MWh / 22.2 MWh which is 72.3%. In other words, the ice-energy storage concept allows this plant to shift 72.3% of the energy required to make the ice to a different time period and increase the power by 66% for the proposed ice-energy- storage concept using the turbo-expander SCO2 refrigeration system. Regardless of which definition is used, all of the thermal energy comes from the external waste heat source. In an ideal energy storage system (6) the heat source would use the heat that was rejected from the refrigeration system. However, for the cycle proposed here the industrial waste heat source offers better quality heat so it is used instead, because more of it can be turned into electricity. So in essence the process proposed here is a hybrid type of energy storage. In the cycle discussed in this paper, waste heat from a high quality industrial heat source is converted to electricity; however, it is also possible to use heat from renewable fuels, solar energy, or even fossil or nuclear fuels. The important point is not; what is the proper definition of round trip efficiency, but can the system be used to provide some economic benefit to the utility and the consumer? 11PDF Image | Bulk Energy Storage using a Supercritical CO2 Waste Heat Recovery Power Plant
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