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The 4th International Symposium – Supercritical CO2 Power Cycles September 9-10, 2014, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania Table 4: Summary of energy storage and power peaking capabilities for CO2 refrigeration with an expansion valve and with a turbo-expander. The dispatchable Round trip efficiency (ratio of dispatchable power to power purchased to make the ice) is 148% or 183% with respective to use of an expansion valve or turbo-expander. Energy Storage Summary Duration of Discharge Cycle Operation w EvapRefrig hrs 4.000 Q.th Energy Melting Ice Waste Heat Temp A. Electricity Sold at Peak Power Electricity Sold at Off Peak Power Electricity Bought to Make Ice & Heat Electrical Energy that would have been sold w/o E storage at Peak Additional Energy Made because of ice storage Round Trip Eff (excess dispatchable Rnd Trip Eff) Peak WH-Co2 Eff Off Peak WH-CO2 Eff Peak CO2 Net Eff Off-Peak CO2-Net Eff Peak Stack Exit Temp (K) Off Peak Stack Exit Temp (K) Waste Heat Q.th Power Peak Power Off-Peak Power Refrig Ratio of Energy Produced/Consumed Ratio of Dipatchable Energy / Consumed (Disp. RoundTrip Eff) kWh.ice K kWh kWh kWh kWh kWh K K kW kW kW kW 67563.7 811.15 37021.08 111588.03 25080.38 22317.61 14703.48 58.6% 68.0% 44.7% 34.5% 31.7% 462.22 581.73 39399.66 9255.27 5579.40 3135.05 5.93 1.48 Using TurboRefrigeration Cycle Duration of Discharge Cycle Operation w TurboRefrig hrs 4.000 Net Power Required to make ice kWe 2524.81 Q Energy Melting Ice Electricity Bought to Make Ice & Heat Round Trip Eff (Excess dispatchable Rnd Trip Eff) Ratio of Energy Produced/Consumed Ratio of Dipatchable Energy / Consumed (Disp. RoundTrip Eff) kWh.ice 67563.7 kWh 20198.51 72.8% 736% 183% Volume 50% ice m^3 1458.43 TankDiamforaheightof5m (5x20m) 19.27 A companion paper discusses more of the economics incentives and issues for the proposed SCO2-WHR bulk energy storage plant, and it is presented in a separate report in this conference. This report shows three things: 1. It shows that the ability of this SCO2 power cycle concept to use a high temperature waste source such as from an industrial process such as metal smelting or the exhaust from a gas turbine, is very economic and has very short time periods for the return on investment (< 3 years). 2. The unique ability to store and dispatch large quantities of electricity (10’s of MWe) for 4 hours or more offers many substantial benefits over existing power peaking and energy storage technologies provided the time variability of power peaking is adequately factored into the price of electricity. In the companion paper it was shown that the SCO2 WHR ice-energy storage system can increase the return on investment by about 17% over a plant that offers no storage. 3. Further, because the plant is always operating (spinning) it operates at higher average efficiency continuously is not an under-utilized capital asset for the utility. 13PDF Image | Bulk Energy Storage using a Supercritical CO2 Waste Heat Recovery Power Plant
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