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Many jurisdictions have lower operator requirements for plants with a thermal oil circuit, which reduces operating costs. It simplifies the ORC system by allowing for a much simpler evaporator to be used, and reduces the fill volume of the ORC working fluid. 2.3 Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) The Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) is the core of the waste heat to power plant. Conceptually it is similar to a conventional Rankine Cycle used at many thermal power plants, where water is evaporated and used to drive a steam turbine. An ORC plant uses an organic fluid instead of water as the working fluid. Examples of organic fluids are hydrocarbons, siloxanes, and many refrigerants. The ORC cycle is depicted schematically in Figure 4 and is described here: 1. The liquid working fluid is pumped to high pressure and sent through the regenerator to the evaporator (State 1 to 2 to 8 to 3) 2. Hot thermal oil preheats and evaporates the pressurized working fluid (State 3 to 4) 3. The high-temperature, high-pressure vapor expands through a turbine which spins an electrical generator (State 4 to 5) 4. Lower-temperature, lower-pressure vapor exiting the turbine preheats the liquid working fluid in a regenerator (State 5 to 9) 5. Vapor is condensed to a low-pressure liquid by transferring heat to the low temperature cooling water stream (State 9 to 6 to 1) ORC Process Schematic ORC Temperature-Entropy Diagram Entropy Figure 4: ORC Process Schematic and Temperature-Entropy Diagram 6 TemperaturePDF Image | COMBINED CYCLE OPPORTUNITIES FOR SMALL
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