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ABSTRACT This study defines, explains, and documents the cost, performance, and environmental impacts of both wet and dry cooling systems. A survey of the cooling system literature is provided in an annotated bibliography and summarized in the body of the report. Conceptual designs are developed for wet and dry cooling systems as applied to a new, gas-fired, combined-cycle 500- MW plant (170 MW produced by the steam turbine) at four sites chosen to be representative of conditions in California. The initial capital costs range from $2.7 to $4.1 million for wet systems using mechanical-draft wet cooling towers with surface steam condensers and from $18 to $47 million for dry systems using air-cooled condensers. Cooling system power requirements for dry systems are four to six times those for wet systems. Dry systems, which are limited by the ambient dry bulb temperature, cannot achieve as low a turbine back pressure as wet systems, which are limited by the ambient wet bulb. Therefore, heat rate penalties and capacity limitations are incurred at some sites depending on local meteorology. A methodology is developed and illustrated that accounts for these several components of cost and performance penalties in selecting an optimized design for a specific site. A brief review is given of some advanced cooling system technologies currently in development, highlighting an evaporative condenser system with a water-conserving mode that halves the consumptive water use of a conventional wet system. In addition, current research in the power plant cooling field is reviewed with particular attention to concepts for enhancing the performance of dry systems during the peak period (the hottest hours of the year). vPDF Image | Comparison of Alternate Cooling Technologies for California Power Plants Economic, Environmental and Other Tradeoffs
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