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Figure 5-11 Wet Cooling System Capital Cost vs. Approach for Minimum Evaluated Cost Design (for New 500-MWe Facilities with 170-MWe Steam Cycle) ................................. 5-20 Figure 5-12 Wet Cooling System Power Requirement (Pumps and Fans) vs. Approach (for New 500-MWe Facilities with 170-MWe Steam Cycle).............................................. 5-20 Figure 5-13 Wet Cooling System Total Evaluated Cost vs. Approach for Low First Cost Design (for New 500-MWe Facilities with 170-MWe Steam Cycle) ................................. 5-21 Figure 5-14 Wet Cooling System Total Evaluated Cost vs. Approach for Minimum Evaluated Cost Design (for New 500-MWe Facilities with 170-MWe Steam Cycle)........ 5-22 Figure 5-15 Comparison of Total Evaluated Costs for Wet Cooling Systems, Minimum Evaluated Cost Design vs. Low First Cost Design (for New 500-MWe Facilities with 170-MWe Steam Cycle)..................................................................................................... 5-22 Figure 5-16 Wet Bulb Duration Curves ..................................................................................... 5-24 Figure 5-17 Capital Cost vs. ITD for Air-Cooled Condenser (for New 500-MWe Facilities with 170-MWe Steam Cycle)............................................................................................. 5-27 Figure 5-18 Normalized Cost vs. ITD for Air-Cooled Condenser (for New 500-MWe Facilities with 170-MWe Steam Cycle).............................................................................. 5-28 Figure 5-19 Fan Power vs. ITD.................................................................................................. 5-29 Figure 5-20 Evaluated Cost of Power ....................................................................................... 5-29 Figure 5-21 Total Evaluated Costs vs. ITD ............................................................................... 5-30 Figure 5-22 ACC Performance—Back Pressure vs. Tamb (for New 500-MWe Facilities with 170-MWe Steam Cycle)............................................................................................. 5-30 Figure 5-23 Desert Site Annual Temperature Profile ................................................................ 5-32 Figure 5-24 ACC Performance—Back Pressure vs. Tamb (for New 500-MWe Facilities with 170-MWe Steam Cycle)............................................................................................. 5-32 Figure 5-25 Lost Output vs. Turbine Back Pressure................................................................. 5-33 Figure 5-26 Total Evaluated Cost and Penalties—Steam Side Only ....................................... 5-37 Figure 5-27 Total Evaluated Cost and Penalties—Whole Plant ............................................... 5-37 Figure 5-28 Site Temperature Profiles ...................................................................................... 5-38 Figure 7-1 Effect of Pre-Cooling of Inlet Air (source: Kroeger 1998).......................................... 7-3 Figure 8-1 Schematic of Wet Surface Air Cooler (source: Niagara Blower Co. brochure) ........ 8-2 Figure 8-2 Evaporative Condenser Cost vs. Approach (for New 500-MWe Combined- Cycle Plants with 170-MWe Steam Cycle)........................................................................ 8-10 Figure 8-3 Evaporative Condenser Cost vs. Approach—50% Water Availability (for New 500-MWe Combined-Cycle Plants with 170-MWe Steam Cycle)..................................... 8-11 Figure 8-4 Wet/Dry Surface Air Cooler: Normalized Cost vs. Approach (for New 500- MWe Combined-Cycle Plants with 170-MWe Steam Cycle) ............................................ 8-11 Figure 8-5 Evaporative Condenser—Increase in Cost for Water Conservation (for New 500-MWe Combined-Cycle Plants with 170-MWe Steam Cycle)..................................... 8-12 Figure 8-6 Evaporative Condenser Curve-Fitted Cost (for New 500-MWe Combined- Cycle Plants with 170-MWe Steam Cycle)........................................................................ 8-12 Figure 8-7 Evaporative Condenser—Fan and Pump Power vs. Approach (for New 500- MWe Combined-Cycle Plants with 170-MWe Steam Cycle) ............................................ 8-13 xviPDF Image | Comparison of Alternate Cooling Technologies for California Power Plants Economic, Environmental and Other Tradeoffs
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