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Table 1-3 Tradeoffs Among Various Types of Cooling Systems Introduction Tradeoff Capital Cost Once-Through << BASE Cooling System Type Wet Dry Hybrid Wet/Dry Mechanical Air-Cooled Draft Condenser BASE 1.5x to 3x base Plume Abatement 1.1x to 1.5x base Water Conservation 3x to 5x base Water Consumption Minor 8 to 12 gpm/MWe ~ 0 to <5% of wet tower ~ equal to wet tower 20% to 80% of wet tower depending on design O&M Cost < BASE Pump maintenance, condenser cooling Highly site specific; fan/pump power; water treatment; tower fill/ condensate cleaning Finned surface cleaning; gearbox maintenance; fan power Similar to BASE Similar to BASE Performance Penalty < BASE Base penalty depends on site meteorology BASE Highly site specific—5% to 20% capacity shortfall on hot and windy days ~ Equal to base Highly variable, depending on mode of operations Water Withdrawal ~500gpm/MWe 10 to 15 gpm/MWe None ~ Equal to base Variable, but can be reduced from wet by amount of water conservation Discharge ~500 gpm/MWe; thermal plume and residual chlorine issues 2 to 5 gpm/MWe None ~ Equal to base Variable, as with withdrawal Drift NA Negligible;< 0.001% of circulating water flow None Small reduction from wet Similar to wet when used in wet mode Plume NA Visible plume on cold, humid days None None None during normal operating schedules 1-9PDF Image | Comparison of Alternate Cooling Technologies for California Power Plants Economic, Environmental and Other Tradeoffs
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