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Comparison of Alternate Cooling Technologies for California Power Plants Economic, Environmental and Other Tradeoffs

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Comparison of Alternate Cooling Technologies for California Power Plants Economic, Environmental and Other Tradeoffs ( comparison-alternate-cooling-technologies-california-power-p )

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Power Plant Cooling Systems Figure 2-6 Dry (Air-Cooled) Cooling System Indirect systems have a separate condenser. The condenser may be either a surface condenser of the conventional shell-and-tube type or a so-called barometric condenser, in which the steam is condensed directly on a spray of cooling water. These systems are shown schematically in Figure 2-7. In either case, the water against which the steam is condensed is then circulated to an air- cooled heat exchanger for ultimate heat rejection to the atmosphere. Systems incorporating a barometric condenser are usually used in conjunction with a natural draft dry cooling tower. Known as Heller systems (Balogh, 1998) and developed and promoted by a Hungarian firm (EGI-Constructing Engineering Ltd., now owned by GEA-AG, originally Gesellschaft für Entstaubings-Anlage mbH), they have been used in several installations around the world. They are characterized by a higher initial cost and, in the case of the design using a surface condenser, a higher operating cost as well in most installations. For the plant sizes and business conditions prevalent in California at the present time, indirect systems are not considered further in this report. In the unlikely event that a plant on once-though cooling or using a wet tower should want to retrofit the system to a dry system, an indirect system would likely be the system of choice. 2-10

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