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Cooling Technologies: the State of the Art South Africa, which uses a conventional surface condenser, is the largest indirect system in the world with 6 x 686 units on dry cooling. Brief descriptions of these units are found in Kroeger (1998), and more detailed information for some of them is found in the references listed in Table 3-1. Trends in Dry Cooling Use Over the past 40 years, the technology has become more widely used. Appendix B contains recent lists of existing and planned installations from four major vendors of dry and hybrid cooling systems, BDT Engineering (Balcke-Dürr), GEA (GEA), Hamon Cooling Systems, and Marley Cooling Tower Company (Marley Cooling Tower). Not all of the listed installations are at electric power plants, and the lists are not complete (e.g., several installations in Table 3-1 are not included). However, the lists are sufficient to identify two noteworthy trends in the use of the technology. First, use has expanded rapidly at a continually increasing rate. Figure 3-1 shows the increase in the installed MWe on dry cooling for both the U.S. and the world for the periods prior to 1980, during the 1980s, during the 1990s, and for future planned units. These figures, totaled from sources including the vendors’ lists in Appendix B, show a clear increase with time even though new plant construction was slow (at least in the U.S.) during much of the 1990s. It is estimated that there are over 2500 MWe of U.S. power generation on dry cooling and from 15 to 20 GWe worldwide. Nonetheless, the existing capacity on dry cooling in the U.S. and around the world is, of course, quite small compared to that on wet recirculating or once-through systems. US World 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 Figure 3-1 Trends in Dry Cooling Pre-1980 1980's 1990's Plan-2000+ 3-6 Time Periods Capacity, MWePDF Image | Comparison of Alternate Cooling Technologies for California Power Plants Economic, Environmental and Other Tradeoffs
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