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Case Study Site Selection Local Environmental Constraints Wet systems in particular require the disposal of sometimes substantial quantities of blowdown in order to maintain suitable water quality in the tower and condenser. Local regulations based on conditions in surface receiving waters, aquifers, or injection wells may limit disposal options, requiring alternatives such as brine concentration or evaporation to dryness that may have a potentially significant effect on the system cost. Again, these are site-specific considerations that are difficult to generalize but relatively easy to account for in any particular economic comparison study. They were not included in the case study selection process. Proximity to Other Activities A final consideration is the presence of nearby activities, facilities, or neighborhoods and the constraints that they may impose on the design and operation of cooling systems. Examples include the proximity of population centers, highways, airports, agricultural operations (sensitive crops or livestock), and designated scenic areas—any and all of which may require significant system modifications to control noise, drift, visible plumes, other visual impact, or other considerations. Plume abatement capability and low-noise fans in particular can add substantially to the cost of both wet and dry systems. These items will be identified in the cost discussions of Section 5 but were not explicitly included in the case study site selections. Chosen Sites Four sites were selected based on two primary considerations: 1. They are from locations in California where a significant number of plants are planned and/or are expected to be proposed. Coastal sites were not included on the basis that ocean cooling is likely to be the preferred choice, and this approach is sanctioned by Resolution 75-58. 2. The sites represent a range of the important meteorological conditions discussed in the section above on “Site Meteorology.” The chosen sites are as follows: • A high desert site characterized by conditions at Blythe, California; • A northern mountain site characterized by conditions at Burney, California (near Redding); • A Central Valley site characterized by conditions at McKittrick, California (near Bakersfield); and • A Bay Area/Delta Region site characterized by conditions at Pittsburg, California. The sites are proximate to locations designated on Figure 4-2 as sites for current or proposed plants in the Blythe, Three Mountain, LaPaloma, and Contra Costa areas (note that the case study sites are hypothetical, and have no relation to these proposed plants). Table 4-1 summarizes important site characteristics and meteorological information. Appendix D provides detailed information about each site. 4-6PDF Image | Comparison of Alternate Cooling Technologies for California Power Plants Economic, Environmental and Other Tradeoffs
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