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The capital cost analysis for this study was based on information assembled from a number of sources. The primary information was provided by several of the major equipment vendors in the form of budget price estimates for four specified sites, each representative of a California meteorology and location. In addition, information was obtained from licensing application material supplied by the CEC, energy industry studies, interviews with system owner/operators, and the open literature. In some cases, the details and sources of the specific information were not for attribution. Therefore, the costs in the following sections are presented as ranges or as qualitative estimates. It is significant, however (as discussed in connection with some of the individual items), that there is excellent agreement among most of the estimates. There still may be substantial differences among cost estimates for an installation at a particular site. However, the source of such differences, as will be discussed in many of the following sections, is the choice of design point and not differences in the estimated cost of a system of a particular size and capability. The equipment to be included in the cost estimate is everything downstream of the turbine flange and includes the costs of engineering, site preparation, erection, installation, and testing. Estimates of this kind cannot include the level of detail that is normally used in actual design calculations. General cost categories of the sort found in engineering “handbooks” are used in this analysis. Recirculating Wet Cooling The two major elements of a recirculating wet cooling system are the cooling tower and the shell-and-tube surface condenser. The system arrangement is shown schematically in Figure 2-3. The cost development for recirculating wet cooling is presented in the following sections: • Surface condenser costs • Cooling tower costs • Capital cost elements • Example costs • Alternative designs: low first cost vs. total evaluated cost • Case studies and cost correlations Surface Steam Condenser The steam surface condenser is one of the major cost components of a once-through or closed- cycle wet cooling system. For this study, a range of costs was developed for a conventional shell- and-tube steam condenser to be used in conjunction with a wet cooling tower. The condenser specifications were taken from the plant operating conditions given in Section 2, specifically, Comparative Cost Analyses 5-9PDF Image | Comparison of Alternate Cooling Technologies for California Power Plants Economic, Environmental and Other Tradeoffs
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