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Proc. of the 3rd IASME/WSEAS Int. Conf. on Energy, Environment, Ecosystems and Sustainable Development, Agios Nikolaos, Greece, July 24-26, 2007 368 The first field installation of this system has References been running since July 2006 at the Chena Hot Springs, near Fairbanks, Alaska [6] making 400 kW of electricity from warm water at 73 0C. Figure 8 shows a picture of the two power plants running at Chena Hot Springs. 1. Smith, I.K., The Choice of Working Fluids for Power Recovery from Waste Heat Streams, Transactions by the Institute of Marine Engineers of Conference on Organic Fluids for Waste Heat Recovery in Ships and Industry, pp. 8-18, January 7-8, 1981. 2. Brasz, L.J., Bilbow, W.M., Ranking of Working Fluids for Organic Rankine Cycle Applications, paper R068 presented at the 10th International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue, West Lafayette, Indiana, July 12-15, 2004. 3. Zhong, B., Bowman, J.M., Williams, D., HFC-245fa: An Ideal Blowing Agent for Integral Skin Foam, Paper presented at the International Conference and Exposition Polyurethanes Expo 2001, Columbus, Ohio, September 30 - October 3, 2001. 4. Zyhowski, Sr, G.J., Spatz, M.W., Yana Motta, S. An Overview of the Properties and Applications of HFC-245fa, Paper presented at the Ninth International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue, West Lafayette, Indiana, July 16-19, 2002. 5. Brasz, J.J., Transforming a Centrifugal Compressor into a Radial Inflow Turbine, paper C060 presented at the 17th International Compressor Engineering Conference at Purdue, West Lafayette, Indiana, July 12-15, 2004. 6. Brasz, J.J., Holdmann, G., Power Production from a Moderate Temperature Geothermal Resource, GRC Transactions Vol. 29, pp 729-733, 2005. Figure 10. Two ORC power plants (400 kW) at Chena Hot Springs near Fairbanks, AK 6. Conclusions 1. An Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) turbine was developed as a derivative of an existing centrifugal compressor with a discrete passage diffuser used on water-cooled chillers. 2. In order to operate at the higher temperature levels required for ORC duty a lower pressure refrigerant was required to keep working pressures at acceptable levels. 3. Power density matching between compressor and turbine operation is needed for cost-effective utilization of existing compressor hardware as a radial inflow turbine. This can be achieved by switching from R-134a for HVAC compressor operation to R-245fa for ORC turbine operation. 4. The cost advantage of HVAC equipment over power generation equipment allows an economically viable product despite the inherently low thermal efficiency of waste heat power recovery (9-15%).PDF Image | Concentrating Solar Power 10 MW
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