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way and leapfrog other countries, with new technologies. Dominica, St Kitts and Nevis The government of Dominica has realized the potential of the natural resources within its Caribbean context and has been creating the necessary infrastructure to sustain itself. This small island covers some 751 square kilometres with a population of near 71,460 (Association of Caribbean States 2008:22) .The exorbitant expenses on fossil fuels for energy has been unnecessary given the abundance of geothermal energies available. Moreover, the unpredictability of conventional fuel prices and supply, together with the aforementioned vulnerabilities of island states, led to the need to explore the most feasible renewable and alternative energy options within Dominica to reduce and, for the most part, eliminate the energy import cost. The country of Dominica is not markedly wealthy as in 2004 the GDP was an estimated $285.7 million (Association of Caribbean States 2008:22) . There have been attempts to reduce the fuel import costs of the country. Research and feasibility studies have found that,on the Caribbean island of Dominica all electricity production is based on imported fossil fuels, although the island had access to unutilized geothermal resources. In the years 2007 electricity production was 86 GW and therefore it is es- timated that a 15 MW geothermal power plant could cover the electricity consump- tion of the island (Ministry of Foreign Affairs). This pragmatic approach has been in progress before 2007, and has made contri- butions where, “about 50% of the power supply which came from hydroelectric sources, as in 1991, the Trafalgar Hydroelectric Power Station became operational. Additionally, in 2000, 67 million kWh of electricity were produced, 47.8% from fossil fuels and 52.2% from hydropower” (Government of Dominica 2006). In this regard, contextualization is critical. Although Dominica does not have conventional energy (oil, gas or coal) there is an abundance of both solar and geothermal energy. In this instance, feasibility studies reflected that there was greater cost-benefit analysis to venture with the geothermal energy option. This, however, is not to deny that Domi- nica still has unlimited access to solar energy. To develop the hydropower resources of the country, Dominica has decided to part- ner with Iceland as Iceland’s Pilot Project participant. The partnership with Iceland is practical and holds great potential, considering Dominica has the unrealized po- tential of geothermal energy and Iceland shares the expertise of harnessing and ex- ploiting this geothermal energy capacity. For Dominica, this presents the prospect of complete energy self-sufficiency. This is evidenced where, “Dominica has significant geothermal resources and Iceland has longstanding expertise in using this sustaina- ble energy source for economic, social and environmental benefits” (EDIN 2009). In this regard, “the partnership with Dominica will build on Iceland’s proven model of transition from a fossil fuel dependent economy to a clean energy economy” (EDIN 2009). Dominica leads the way in renewable energy, more specifically geothermal energy. ENERGY SECURITY OF THE CARIBBEAN 113PDF Image | Confronting the Energy Security Dilemma of the Caribbean
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