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mentation has also taken place by UWI in the development of more energy efficient wood and charcoal burning cooking stoves and cooking utensils for use by rural populations. In keeping with alternative energy research, the first biogas plant was commissioned in 1989 and there may be a few still existing in the country. Energy security in Trinidad and Tobago is determined by the secure markets for oil and gas imports. The existence of oil and gas has hindered progress in the realm of alternative and renewable energy. It is inevitable that these conventional energy supplies will be depleted and renewable and alternative energy is the way forward, especially in order to achieve energy security. This is not to imply to move abruptly to these newer energies, but more so to diversify the domestic energy economy to satisfy and sustain the expansion of the larger economy. The current energy sector in Trinidad and Tobago is overly dependent on its primary commodities and this places the country on an unstable platform. There needs to be greater involvement by stakeholders to ensure that feasibility studies are done to determine the most contextual alternative or renewable energy options available in Trinidad and To- bago. Conclusion The Caribbean has been unique in its own context, needs and geopolitical salience in the international arena. Many Caribbean countries have been tweaking the energy sectors to be more contextual and pragmatic in the face of changing and evolving geopolitical salience. There is an improved attempt by many Caribbean countries to pursue “the integration of renewable energy generation into the electricity supply system without compromizing safety or reliability, which is key to the commercial exploitation of RE” (Harrison and Hester 2003:v). This emphasizes the certainty the energy security is a definite possibility; it simply requires the given country to determine the most feasible alternative or renewable option available and move un- waveringly in that direction. There have been many attempts to deal with challenges to the diversification of economies, especially in terms of financing projects and initiatives. “Iceland’s Island Growth Initiative (IGI), introduced in 2007, initiated Icelandic-Caribbean coopera- tion and was the cornerstone to collaboration between the two countries in the field of energy” (EDIN 2009). This collaboration was essential to the exploitation of geo- thermal energy in Dominica to ensure energy security and economic survival. There will no longer be the need to rely on imported fuels or be vulnerable to unstable prices. As stated by the International Energy Agency, “The challenge for all countries is to put in motion a transition to a more secure, lower carbon energy system, without undermining economic and social development” (IEA 2007: ). This is evident in Spain, Dominica, Jamaica, Guyana, St. Kitts and Nevis and Barbados. There is greater prudence in policymaking for the energy sector, realizing the greater potential be- yond oil and natural gas or conventional energy supplies. The case is intricately de- signed to demonstrate how other comparable countries have policies that are fluid ENERGY SECURITY OF THE CARIBBEAN 125PDF Image | Confronting the Energy Security Dilemma of the Caribbean
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