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• Complete capability to evaluate multiple junction concentrator cells and modules to 1000x with lowest possible uncertainty. • Investigate the structural, chemical, and electrical properties of front and back screen-printed contacts to industrial Si cells. Demonstrate improved process robustness and performance. • Develop a prototype tool capable of screening Si wafers with microcracks in an in-line manufacturing environment. • Conduct experiments to examine the structural, chemical, and electrical properties of the c-Si/a-Si interface in HIT cells and correlate these properties with device performance. • Conduct a study correlating composition and structure of moisture barrier layers grown on flexible substrates with growth conditions, water vapor transport rates, and adhesion properties. • Study the reaction kinetics of nanoscale CuxTe films. • Conduct studies of wet-chemical processing of PV material surfaces. • Plan and initiate operations in the Science and Technology Facility. ____________________________________________________________________________ 1. Introduction The Measurements and Characterization Division provides test, measurement, and analysis support and research for the National Photovoltaics Program. It supports all PV material technologies and involves essential collaborations with internal research groups, external research partners in university and industry laboratories, and PV manufacturers. Each year, this project assists clients with the test and analysis of thousands of materials and device samples, helping them to understand and direct work on their research and commercial product development. These activities address one or more of the three areas crucial to meeting the EERE goal of reducing the levelized cost of energy for PV to $0.06/kWh by 2020. The three areas are (1) improving device and module performance, (2) reducing manufacturing costs, and (3) improving device/module reliability. This is accomplished by selecting projects that address key issues for a broad spectrum of technologies, including c-Si, a- Si, thin Si, CIS, CdTe, III-Vs, and future-generation materials. For each technology, we allocate resources to: (1) provide routine and specialized measurement and characterization support for research and industry partners; (2) lead and contribute to collaborative research that addresses critical issues in these PV technologies; (3) develop and implement novel measurement techniques that enhance our ability to understand and advance fundamental PV R&D; and (4) develop diagnostic tools that advance manufacturing R&D. 2. Technical Approach The project is composed of four core competency research tasks and a management/coordination task. The four research tasks are Analytical Microscopy, Cell and Module Characterization, Electro-Optical Characterization, and Surface Analysis. The major non-support research activities pursued in FY 2005 are outlined below by task. Although a significant portion of our work involves working with industry to solve research and manufacturing problems in a timely manner, these activities are not reported in this document because of their proprietary nature. However, during the past year, we have collaborated with well over 70 research groups from industry, universities, and national laboratories. FY 2005 priority milestones in each task are listed below. 2.1 Analytical Microscopy Task • Study the nature, origin, and three- dimensional distribution of structural defects in lattice-matched and mismatched III-V structures on Si substrates. • Investigate the chemical, structural, and electrical properties of the c-Si/a-Si interface in Si HIT cells. • Complete the development of a scanning tunneling microscope within an SEM and investigate the transport properties of grain boundaries in polycrystalline thin films. A summary of progress on these milestones is outlined in section 3.1. 2.2 Cell and Module Performance Task 5 • Maintain ISO 17025 Accreditation for secondary cell calibration under ASTM and IEC standards and expand to include primary reference cell calibration. and secondary module Photovoltaic R&D Fundamental ResearchPDF Image | DOE Solar Energy Technologies Program
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