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mechanism of this improvement is the elimination by the surfactant of bubbles on the substrate in the chemical bath. 4. Planned FY 2006 Activities A list of selected FY 2006 planned activities is given below. A more complete list of planned activities and milestones can be found in the Measurements and Characterization FY 2006 Annual Operating Plan. In FY 2006, we will complete the following milestones: • Provide measurement support in the areas of analytical microscopy, surface analysis, electro-optical characterization, and cell and module performance to more than 70 PV research partners in industry, universities, and NREL. • Maintain ISO accreditation for secondary cell and module measurements and complete periodic audits. • Organize the 16th Workshop on Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells Materials and Processes. • Complete capability to evaluate multiple- junction concentrator cells and modules to 1000x with lowest possible uncertainty. • Conduct a study correlating composition and structure of moisture barrier layers grown on flexible substrates with growth conditions, water vapor transport rates, and adhesion properties. • Investigate the structural, chemical, and electrical properties of front and back screen- printed contacts to industrial Si cells. Demonstrate improved process robustness and performance. • Develop a prototype tool capable of screening Si wafers with microcracks in an in-line manufacturing environment. • Conduct experiments to examine the structural, chemical, and electrical properties of the c-Si/a-Si interface in HIT cells and correlate these properties with device performance. • Study the reaction kinetics of nanoscale CuxTe films. • Conduct studies of wet-chemical processing of PV material surfaces. 5. Major FY 2005 Publications M.M. Al-Jassim, K.M. Jones, Yanfa Yan, and Bobby To, “The Chemistry, Microstructure and Electrical Properties of the Ag/Si Interface in Si Photovoltaic R&D Fundamental Research Solar Cells,” Proc. Microscopy of Semiconducting Materials, Oxford, UK, 4/11-14/05. C.-S Jiang, R. Noufi, K. Ramanathan, H.R. Moutinho, M.M. Al-Jassim, “Electrical Modification in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Thin Films by Chemical Bath Deposition Process of CdS Films,” J. Appl. Phys. 97, 053701 (2005). C.-S. Jiang, H.R. Moutinho, M.J. Romero, M.M. Al- Jassim, Y.Q. Xu, Q. Wang, “Distribution of the Electrical Potential in Hydrogenated Amorphous Si Solar Cells,” Thin Solid Films 472, 203 (2005). K.M. Jones, Y.Yan, M.M. Al-Jassim, M.M. Hilali, “Characterization of Ag Precipitates in Screen Printed Ag Contacts for Si Solar Cells,” Proc. Microscopy & Miroanalysis, Honolulu, HI, Aug. 2005. M.J. Romero, C.-S. Jiang, R. Noufi, M.M. Al- Jassim, “Photon Emission in CuInSe2 Thin Films Observed by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 143115 (2005). M.J. Romero, C.-S. Jiang, R. Noufi, M.M. Al- Jassim, “Lateral Electron Transport in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Investigated by Electro-Assisted Scanning Tunneling Microscopy,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 87 (2005). Y. Yan, R. Noufi, K. M. Jones, K. Ramanathan, M.M. Al-Jassim, B.J. Stanbery, “Chemical Fluctuation-Induced Nanodomains in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Films,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 121904 (2005). Y. Yan, K.M. Jones, X. Wu, M.M. Al-Jassim, “Microstructure of CdTe after NP-Etching and HgTe(CuTe)-Graphite Pasting,” Thin Solid Films 472, 291 (2005). M.A. Green, K. Emery et al., “Solar Cell Efficiency Tables (version 26)” PIP 13, 387, 2005. A. van der Heide, T. Moriarty, et al., “Comparison between Large Reference Cells Calibrated by ESTI-JRC, NREL and PTB, Performed at ECN,” Proc. 20th EU PV Solar Energy Conf. Barcelona, Spain, June 1, 2005. W.K. Metzger, R.K. Ahrenkiel, D. Dashdorj, D.J. Friedman, “Analysis of Charge Separation Dynamics in a Semiconductor Junction,” Phys. Rev. B 71, 035301 (2005). B.M. Keyes, L.M. Gedvilas, X. Li, T.J. Coutts, “Infrared Spectroscopy of Polycrystalline ZnO and 12PDF Image | DOE Solar Energy Technologies Program
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