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Electronic Materials and Devices Performing Organization: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Key Technical Contact: John Benner, 303-384-6496, john_benner@nrel.gov DOE HQ Technology Manager: Jeffrey Mazer, 202-586-2455, jeffrey.mazer@ee.doe.gov FY 2005 Budget: $6,860K ____________________________________________________________________________________ Objectives • Develop data mining tools and diagnostics for combinatorial methods in thin-film cells. • Demonstrate inkjet writing of contacts for silicon solar cells, achieving 10% efficiency. • Improve cost potential by demonstrating high efficiency in thinner CdTe and CIGS absorber layers. • Complete a combinatorial-temperature stress system with illumination cycling capability for CIGS and CdTe devices. • Achieve 34% efficiency with a novel, lattice-mismatched multijunction structure as a first step toward higher efficiency. Accomplishments • Invented fire-through agents that enable inkjet-written Ag contacts to silicon solar cells through silicon nitride antireflection (AR) coating. • Achieved 16.2% efficiency in a CIGS cell produced from an absorber layer that is only 1 micron thick. • Achieved 14% efficiency in CdTe solar cells, with absorber layers that are half the conventional thickness. • Demonstrated a CdTe/CIS polycrystalline thin-film tandem cell with total-area efficiency of 15.3%, exceeding a FY 2006 milestone of the DOE/NREL High-Performance PV Project. • Achieved 37.9% efficiency (10 suns concentration) in a novel inverted growth structure used to produce a thin-film GaInP/GaAs/GaInAs triple-junction solar cell. Future Directions • Apply inkjet processing to the fabrication of absorber layers for solar cells. • Design and implement a CIGS processing cluster to explore new pathways to improving manufacturability. • Achieve 40%-efficient concentrator cell. • Relocate and initiate operations in the Science and Technology Facility (now under construction). ____________________________________________________________________________________ 1. Introduction The Electronic Materials and Devices Project carries out research in semiconductor materials, device properties, and fabrication processes to improve the efficiency, stability, and cost of photovoltaic solar energy conversion. This research can be characterized in three forms. First, we apply our capabilities to assist industry and the National Research Teams in addressing current problems. Second, we explore specific techniques and processes to develop and transfer technology improvements that industry will soon need. Finally, we seek to create new technologies 15 and lead the development of the knowledge base and tools for the future of PV. Through these activities, the project supports both flat-plate and concentrator PV technologies at the cell and module level, in all of the application targets and time frames identified in the DOE Solar Program Multi-Year Technical Plan. During FY 2005, research in the silicon task was consolidated with subcontracted research to form the new Crystalline Silicon Project. These closely related studies are reported in the next section. Our base of operations in the United States presents several unique opportunities for our PV Photovoltaic R&D Fundamental ResearchPDF Image | DOE Solar Energy Technologies Program
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