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Future Directions Study and mitigate factors limiting the high-yield manufacture of cost-effective PV devices by identifying and addressing issues related to c-Si materials, cells, and modules through: • Facilitating an overall integrated effort in the c-Si PV community to produce the next-generation c- Si technology and technologists through university, industry, and NREL partnerships and collaborations. • Recompeting the c-Si University Project in light of the above more integrative, comprehensive approach to the combined DOE c-Si R&D efforts. • Finalizing current R&D tasks on high-efficiency, low-cost crystal Si production processes and recompete current Center of Excellence award. • Developing novel approaches to low-cost deposition of advanced high-quality crystalline silicon films on glass by employing a combination of foreign template buffer layers, solid-phase crystallization, and epitaxial Si growth. Create the scientific understanding that will underlay this development. • Developing improved heterojunction passivation of c-Si surfaces by use of HWCVD amorphous silicon. Developing both emitter and collectors for silicon heterojunction (SHJ) cells. • Applying theoretical techniques to understand the mechanism of the increase in recombination after illumination of p-type CZ-Si due to O-B pairs. 1. Introduction Beyond the technological mandates for lower cost, higher performing, more durable PV, provisions of the DOE Solar Program Multi-Year Technical Plan (MYTP) specifically call for fundamental R&D involving our colleges and universities and, as a corollary, the development of the next generation of solar technologists as a complement to NREL PV research. This directed, yet fundamental and exploratory, R&D project covers a spectrum of R&D, ranging from synchrotron studies of atomic- leveldefectsinsolar-gradec-Sitocollaborative manufacturing research efforts; from theoretical studies of the role of hydrogen in passivation to the role of crucible contaminants, wafer sawing, and device processing on device performance; from NREL's leading-edge a-Si/c-Si heterojunction devices to world-class measurement and characterization facilities. There are currently four distinct components of the DOE Crystalline Silicon Research Project: 1) the NREL in-house fundamental and exploratory research effort, 2) the subcontracted university research effort, 3) the DOE-funded PV Center of Excellence at Georgia Tech, and 4) NREL's new Science and Technology Facility (S&TF), where integrated material and device research, as well as cell manufacturing R&D, will be performed by individuals and groups throughout the c-Si research community. (The S&TF is under construction and scheduled to open June 2006.) Given the near-term recompetition of both the university c-Si research projects and DOE's PV 23 Center of Excellence contract, coupled with a constellation of other emerging pro-c-Si PV forces within the PV community, this is an optimal time to review the overall architecture of all the program efforts in light of new possibilities and new thinking (e.g.,theSystems-DrivenApproach).Afreshlook at the needs of the technology as a whole, the considerable resources inherent in our universities, industry, and DOE labs, and a reconsideration of every group's strategic position in the game will most likely make for a more effective orchestration of the resources and, therefore, a greater technological impact. Facilitating this process is an ambition for the project in FY 2006. 2. Technical Approach NREL researchers are working primarily on heterojunction devices, wafer passivation, theoretical and experimental fundamentals of the boron-oxygen defect in Si, thin-film c-Si on foreign substrates, modeling of optical, thermal, and electrical properties and SiN passivation, and some limited work on feedstock issues and crystal growth. Invaluable to the c-Si community at large are the annual NREL-sponsored Workshops on Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells and Modules: Materials and Processes. These workshops are a technical and practical mainstay for the whole community, theoreticians and industrialists alike. Next, the task for the Georgia Tech Center of Excellence in Silicon Photovoltaics is to advance the current state of c-Si solar cell technology to make it more competitive with conventional Photovoltaic R&D Fundamental ResearchPDF Image | DOE Solar Energy Technologies Program
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