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e/CuxTe/ITO. The transparency of this structure is about 50%. The device parameter of this cell measured at: Voc = 0.786 volts, Jsc = 25.55 ma/cm2, FF = 68.9, efficiency = 13.8%. The CIS bottom cell structure is: glass/Mo/CIS/CdS/ZnO. Its efficiency as measured under the transparent CdTe cell is 1.5%. This achievement represents a benchmark and a first step for this device; work is ongoing to design material improvements and develop a more optimal structure. Improved efficiency has been demonstrated by IEC for the Cu(InGa)(SeS)2 absorber layer. This process uses a bilayer evaporation process, which results in through-film S and Se compositional gradients. The resulting devices have higher fill factors, up to 78%, than previous Cu(InGa)(SeS)2 cells. This is attributed to improved current collection. The best cell had VOC = 0.77V, JSC = 20.6 mA/cm2, FF = 75.2 %, and efficiency = 11.9%. The complete cell structure for each is: glass/Mo/Cu(InGa)(SeS)2/ZnO/ITO/Ni-Al grid / MgF2. This Cu(InGa)(SeS)2 absorber layer had average composition over the top ~1 μm, as measured by EDS, of 23.9% Cu, 11.8 % In, 13.9% Ga, 28.5% Se, and 22.2% S. This composition indicates a bandgap of Eg = 1.61 eV. However, because of the compositional gradient in the film, the bandgap is not uniform through the film thickness. Therefore, a more relevant measure of Eg is obtained from the long wavelength edge of the quantum efficiency (QE) by comparison with a CuInS2 device, which has a known bandgap of 1.53 eV and a steep edge in the QE. In this case, the Cu(InGa)(SeS)2 cell has the same bandgap of 1.53 eV. 3.3 III-V Multijunction Concentrators • Demonstrated a 39%-efficient III-V multijunction cell under concentration. (09/05) MYTP: Task 1 of Section 4.1.2 • Addressed the operating issues assessed for high-efficiency multijunction cells under a Fresnel lens. (09/05) MYTP: Task 1 of Section 4.1.2 The III-V Multijunction Concentrator Group at NREL demonstrated an inverted GaInP/GaAs/GaInAs tandem structure. This structure was measured at 37.9% efficiency under 10.1 suns. Boeing Spectrolab achieved a record efficiency of 39.3% for a three-junction terrestrial concentrator cell. This is the highest NREL-confirmed efficiency ever measured for any PV device. This record used three-junction GaInP/GaInAs/Ge concentrator solar cells grown on a Ge substrate incorporating epitaxial device features to optimize their performance under the concentrated terrestrial spectrum and processed at Boeing Spectrolab. The California Institute of Technology (Caltech) demonstrated the fabrication of the first direct- bond interconnect multijunction solar cell (GaAs/InGaAs two-junction cell). Amonix addressed the operating issues assessed for high- efficiency multijunction cells under a Fresnel lens and will continue efforts. 3.3 Future Generation The provisions of the MYTP (Sect. 4.1.1) specifically call for fundamental R&D involving our colleges and universities and, as a corollary, the development of the next generation of solar technologists. The following accomplishments support this activity. Northwestern University identified donor-dopants and negligible grain boundary effects in CdO, the transparent conducting oxide (TCO) with the highest electrical conductivity, and which has potential for high-efficiency organic PV applications. Princeton University discovered a new material Ru(acac)3 that is useful as an exciton-blocking layer in organic solar cells. 3.4 Novel High-Efficiency Concepts The High-Efficiency Concepts effort was recompeted to target emerging state-of-the-art, high-efficiency concepts. This group listed in the following table is from the Basic Sciences Center and works directly with NCPV scientists. Researchers discovered a strong causal link between recombination and transport in dye- sensitized solar cells; demonstrated that the morphological properties of core-shell nano- particle films are profoundly affected by the core; measured extremely high quantum yields of 300% (three excitons per photon were created via efficient multiple-exciton generation [MEG] in quantum dots [nanocrystals]) and developed a totally new theory to explain this phenomenon; and developed a quantitative assessment of the probability of (1) carrier multiplication and (2) hot electrons in quantum dots for solar cells. Efforts are under way on monolithic multijunction tandem ultra-thin strain-counterbalanced solar photovoltaic converters with optimal subcell Photovoltaic R&D Fundamental Research 29PDF Image | DOE Solar Energy Technologies Program
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