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Environmental Health and Safety Performing Organization: Brookhaven National Laboratory Key Technical Contact: Vasilis Fthenakis, 631-344-2830, vmf@bnl.gov DOE HQ Technology Manager: Alec Bulawka, 202-586-5633, alec.bulawka@ee.doe.gov FY 2005 Budget: $420K ____________________________________________________________________________________ Objectives • Assist in preserving the safe and environmentally friendly nature of photovoltaics and in minimizing environmental health and safety (EH&S) risks and associated costs, to ensure the public support and economic viability of PV systems. • Identify potential EH&S barriers of PV materials, processes, or applications and define strategies to overcome such barriers. • Maintain the EH&S Research Center as the world’s best source on PV EH&S, providing accurate information related to EH&S issues and perceptions. Accomplishments • Conducted a life-cycle analysis (LCA) of the balance of systems (BOS) of the Tucson Electric Power Springerville 3.5-MW c-Si plant; computed energy payback times to be 70% lower than the previously published estimates (paper was accepted for publication in Progress in Photovoltaics). • Advanced CdTe recycling by accomplishing a 99.99% separation of Cd from Te at a projected cost of 2¢ /W. • Conducted fire-simulating experiments on CIGS PV modules. • Prepared an Environmental Inventory Analysis of Metals (Zn, Cd, In, Ge, Ga, Cu, Se, Te) in PV modules. • Began a project to compare greenhouse gas emissions during the life cycle of PV and nuclear fuel cycles. • Conducted experiments of leaching indium and selenium from CIGS modules. • Assisted DayStar Tech, First Solar, and the University of Toledo with site-specific EH&S issues. • Organized a workshop for the International Energy Agency in conjunction with the 20th EURPVSEC, Barcelona, Spain. • Answered several requests for EH&S information from the public and the industry. Future Directions • Update LCAs of all commercial PV technologies. • Conduct and coordinate LCA-based comparisons of environmental and societal benefits and risks of PV versus other energy technologies. • Continue industry outreach with guidance on hazard analysis and other EH&S issues. • Communicate to the public, technical community, business partners and policy makers. • Guide the pollution prevention and waste management in PV manufacturing facilities. • Advance the technical and economic feasibility of recycling of manufacturing waste and spent modules. • Assess safer delivery options for toxic and flammable materials in PV manufacturing. • Assess safer alternative sources for toxic and explosive gases in PV manufacturing. • Assess and guide fluorocarbon use and emissions reduction in current and future (large-scale) PV manufacturing. • Contribute to studies for higher material utilization in PV manufacturing. • Study potential EH&S issues related to new PV technologies, processes, and materials. ____________________________________________________________________________________ Photovoltaic R&D 37 Fundamental ResearchPDF Image | DOE Solar Energy Technologies Program
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