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1. Introduction The activities of the Environmental, Health and Safety (EH&S) Research Center focus on minimizing potential EH&S impacts associated with current and future photovoltaic energy systems and applications. This objective is accomplished by proactive research, rigorous industry, and technical communications. The overall goal is to preserve the safe and environmentally friendly nature of PV and minimize EH&S risks and associated costs, to ensure the public support and economic viability of PV systems. Minimization of EH&S risks and costs is paramount for achieving the Solar Program’s goal of $0.06/kWhr by 2020, while having the support of the public is a prerequisite for existence and growth to the scale that would support this low cost. Also, the Center serves as the world’s best source on PV EH&S, providing accurate information related to EH&S issues and perceptions. This activity supports the overall communications and outreach objectives of the Solar Program. The Center works closely with the Thin-Film PV Partnership and other NREL projects. 2. Technical Approach The major areas of Brookhaven National Laboratory’s (BNL's) activities are Hazard Identification and Characterization, Hazard Management, Industry Outreach, and Information Dissemination. Ongoing efforts are required because the PV industry is undergoing changes in type and quantities of materials, manufacturing processes and scale, and because continuous vigilance is required in safety and loss prevention. Task 1: Identification and Characterization of EH&S Issues. In FY 2005, we conducted: (1) a life-cycle analysis (LCA) of the BOS of the Tucson Electric Power (TEP) Springerville plant; (2) fire- simulating experiments on CIGS modules; (3) quantification of emission factors for all the metallic elements used in PV modules; and (4) collaborative work on LCA-based comparisons of PV and nuclear power generation. Task 2: Hazard Management. In FY 2005, we advanced the recycling of CdTe PV by accomplishing a 99.99% separation of Cd form Te at a projected cost of 2¢/W. Also, we started Photovoltaic R&D Fundamental Research experimental research on recovering indium from CIGS PV modules. Task 3: Industry Outreach and Support to DOE- HQ and NCPV. The industry outreach activities include frequent interactions with EH&S personnel, site visits, guidance with EH&S issues and concerns, and assistance with new facilities. Task 4: Information Dissemination. Providing accurate and objective information on PV EH&S issues is crucial as the PV industry as installations grow to levels that attract public interest and scrutiny. Task Title Hazard Identification/Characterization Hazard Management/Recycling Industry Outreach/DOE/NCPV Information Dissemination 3. Results and Accomplishments FY 2005 Budget ($K) 200 90 78 52 38 • Task 1. Conducted an LCA of the BOS of the TEP Springerville 3.5-MW c-Si plant; assessed energy payback times to be 70% lower than the previously published estimates (paper was accepted for publication in Progress in Photovoltaics). • Conducted fire-simulating experiments on CIGS PV modules; put results in the context of emissions from coal power plants. • Wrote a comprehensive report on the upstream emissions of metals used in PV modules. • Task 2. Advanced the recycling of CdTe PV by accomplishing a 99.99 % separation of Cd from Te at a projected cost of 2¢/W. Papers were accepted by the Journal of Hazardous Materials and Progress in Photovoltaics Research and Applications. • Task 3. Provided facility-specific assistance to First Solar and DayStar Tech. At the request of DOE, we organized a PV EH&S task workshop for IEA. • Task 4. Answered several requests for EH&S information from different agencies, business partners, citizen organizations and the media.PDF Image | DOE Solar Energy Technologies Program
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