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Performing Organizations: Key Technical Contacts: DOE HQ Technology Manager: FY 2005 Budgets: PV Module Reliability R&D National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) Carol Riordan (NREL, Primary Contact), 303-384-6780, carol_riordan@nrel.gov David King (SNL) 505-844-8220, dlking@sandia.gov Jeffrey Mazer, 202-586-2455, jeffrey.mazer@ee.doe.gov $2,194K (NREL), $701K (SNL) ____________________________________________________________________________________ Objectives • To quickly isolate, scientifically understand, and help industry mitigate module failure and/or degradation mechanisms. • To gather and analyze outdoor, long-term exposure data for all candidate modules. • To use selected indoor and outdoor accelerated exposure testing to discover and/or replicate observed outdoor failures and performance degradation. • To develop new and improved module packaging designs that result in improved service lifetimes and reduced annual performance degradation. • To assist industry with developing new consensus standards and codes for module performance and/or qualification testing. • To characterize and provide models for PV module performance and reliability. Accomplishments • Initiated unique high-voltage stress testing experiment that measures module leakage currents to ground on a bipolar array supplied by Shell Solar consisting of CIGSS modules (milestone). • Initiated cooperative reliability testing program for SunPower’s high-efficiency c-Si modules, including light soaking, thermal cycling, and damp heat exposure indoors and real-time outdoor exposure. • Completed a journal article that documents the implications of using fixed resistive loads for long- term PV module exposure testing; showed that identical degradation rates can be observed with resistive loads compared to maximum-power tracking loads. • Performed finite element modeling of PV modules to determine the time scales of moisture ingress to PV modules. One conclusion was that using a breathable back sheet can shorten the moisture ingress half-time to 3–30 days, greatly reducing super saturation for most weather environments. • Experimentally quantified the detrimental effects of localized, non-linear shunt paths on CdTe cell performance. This revealed that a small, stress-induced current shunt path can account for more than half of the cell’s efficiency loss during stress testing. • Developed several module glass priming formulations, self-primed ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), and non-EVA encapsulants that may provide improved adhesion strengths compared to available commercial products. • Implemented and documented production line module dark I-V diagnostic procedures with two manufacturers, which motivated their module suppliers to implement similar production line test equipment. Future Directions • Research, technical reports, and industry communication on performance of modules under test in environmental chambers and outdoors under normal and stress (e.g., high voltage) conditions. • Research and technical reports documenting degradation characteristics of commercial PV modules, for distribution to industry collaborators. Photovoltaic R&D Advanced Materials and Devices 60PDF Image | DOE Solar Energy Technologies Program
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