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advice on data acquisition, calibrations, and • array designs (milestone satisfied for FY 2005). onto glass substrates and identified • Completed a report on CIGS module stability on the Performance & Energy Ratings Testbed and reported to the Thin-Film PV Partnership ahead of schedule. • Completed installation of Shell CIGSS modules in the High-Voltage Stress Testbed and initiated long-term monitoring of array- level leakage currents and real-time • performance (milestone completed 4/05). • Transferred all available historical data generated by the Performance and Energy Rating Testbed since 1994 from magneto- optical discs to the group file server, which will allow determination of individual module degradation rates in FY 2006 for publication in the open literature. 3.2 Module Packaging Research & Reliability • Performed finite element modeling of PV • modules to determine the time scales of moisture ingress, reported at the IEEE PV Specialists Conference, and submitted to Progress in Photovoltaics. • accelerated corrosion for areas with an impermeable back sheet that are in direct contact with EVA. This indicates that a volatile decomposition product is increasing the corrosion, of special concern for thin-film PV devices. (Presented at the 31st IEEE PV Specialists Conference, 01/05.) The Pernika plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) system was revamped, a safe operating plan was approved, a readiness review was conducted, and preliminary moisture-barrier coatings were deposited. An equipment failure interrupted the experiments, and because safety is a top concern in restart of the system before proceeding, the milestone to report on the efficacy of PECVD thin-film moisture barriers was delayed to the first quarter of FY 2006. A rheometer acquired last year by NREL is now operational, and samples prepared and acquired are under test, with a summary report being written (milestone 09/05). Prepared “Excess Dark Currents and Transients in Thin-Film CdTe Solar Cells” for the IEEE PV Specialists Conference, and “Non-linear Shunt Paths in Thin-Film CdTe Solar Cells” for the Journal of Applied Physics (milestone 09/05 on the influence of cell edges on cell performance, etc.). • Published reports covering the evaluations of water vapor ingress rates, peel strengths, and mirror protection for new and existing PV module packing materials; prepared “Testing of Packaging Materials for Improved PV Module Reliability” and “Moisture Transport, Adhesion, and Corrosion Protection of PV Module Packing Materials” (milestone 09/05). 3.3 Module Reliability Characterization • Developed several glass-priming formulations, • self-primed EVA, and non-EVA encapsulants that may provide adhesion strengths greater than the commercial EVA product commonly used for PV module applications. Also prepared “Enhanced Adhesion of EVA Laminates to Primed Glass Substrates Subjected to Damp Heat Exposure” (milestone 09/05). • Experimentally quantified the detrimental effect of localized, non-linear shunt paths on CdTe cell performance. These less than mm- sized paths were located with the infrared camera, and cell performance was measured before and after their removal. We found that a small, stress-induced shunt path can account for more than half of a cell’s efficiency loss during stress studies, and we identified the cell process step causing the shunt path. (Presented at the 31st IEEE PV Specialists Conference, milestone completed.) Photovoltaic R&D Advanced Materials and Devices 62 SNL’s milestone for a comprehensive report summarizing degradation rates for a variety of commercial thin-film and silicon modules was delayed to the first quarter 2006 in response to specific industry requests to address module reliability issues affecting large numbers of production modules, as well as because of an unexpected staff absence for 2 months. The postponement is advantageous because it will be possible to more effectively terminate the initial phase of the module long-term exposure tests by bringing all modules aged since 1997 back to SNL for a final baseline test prior to documenting the long-term test results. At that time, it will be possible to reload the outdoor exposure racks at Florida Solar Energy Center (FSEC) and Southwest Technology Development Institute (SWTDI) with new commercial modules without increasing the associated workload. Performed a number of experiments using 800-Angstrom-thick aluminum layers sputteredPDF Image | DOE Solar Energy Technologies Program
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