DOE Solar Energy Technologies Program

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DOE Solar Energy Technologies Program ( doe-solar-energy-technologies-program )

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thermal simulation engine. Thus, results produced by this tool show the overall consequences of building electrical load requirements (before and after the PV system contribution), PV system output, and when and how much of the PV output is available to be sold back to the utility. These results are available as annual summaries, typical monthly plots, and hourly plots. Building designers can take advantage of this capability to easily perform preliminary investigations of PV. Although the PV capability in ENERGY-10 is not intended to replace detailed PV system design, the analysis that is performed is an integrated accounting for 8,760 hours, including, for example, hourly schedules for lights, plug loads, time-variable HVAC loads, and time- variable dimming of lights due to daylighting. The approachcanaccommodatefuturetechnologies, such as new PV products integrated into building elements (e.g., thin-film coatings on windows). The program distinguishes between building- integrated (wall-, roof-, or window-integrated) and stand-alone systems, as defined by up to four building-integrated arrays and one stand-alone array, all fed through a single inverter. Only grid- connected systems are modeled in this version. ENERGY-10 Version 1.8 also includes a new solar domestic/service hot water modeling capability. A straightforward collector efficiency, storage tank accounting type model has been embedded in this version and integrated with the APPLY and RANK features of the program. Selection of this strategy launches an hourly simulation of the SDHW system, which is then used to adjust the service hot water load in the main whole-building simulation. 3.3 Major Accomplishment: Held BIPV Big-Box Workshop We held a workshop in January 2005 in Washington, D.C., on commercial applications of PV in buildings (organized by the Sustainable Building Industry Council). Representatives from Target, Wal-Mart, Marriott, and others attended. 3.4 Major Accomplishment: ZEH Potential A draft report of a zero energy home “due diligence” study was completed by NREL analysts working together with DOE, the NAHB Research Center, and McNeil Technologies. The study demonstrates that R&D supporting ZEH in conjunction with state and federal tax incentives can accelerate and significantly improve the energy performance of the residential sector in the United States. By 2050, ZEH, with a tax incentive for solar technologies, can reduce the energy consumption of all single-family homes by 19% while, at the same time, the stock of single-family homes increases by 39%. With continued federal R&D programs to lower the cost of solar electric, solar thermal, and advanced building energy efficiency technologies—coupled with providing tax credits to homeowners for renewable energy systems—the ZEH concept will begin to diffuse into the market as early as 2012 and result in annual energy savings in 2050 of 3.4 quads (19%) in single-family homes. In contrast, without tax incentives or the advantages of ZEH bundling (defined as the portfolio of energy efficiency and solar technologies necessary to make ZEH), but with continued federally supported R&D to reduce solar prices and develop advanced energy efficient technologies, residential solar electric systems do not begin to diffuse into the marketplace until 2027 at the earliest and only realize a reduction of 0.5 quad (3%) in the energy use of single-family homes by 2050. The results illustrate how the potential market for ZEH could be accelerated with government investment in a robust ZEH R&D effort and consumer tax incentives. Market penetration of ZEH has benefits to consumers, homebuilders, electric utilities, and the environment. Consumers benefit from more stable, predictable home energy costs in the near term and savings on combined mortgage and utility bills in the longer term (as utility bills rise for non-ZEH). Builders benefit from having a new product to offer consumers that enhances profit due to a higher sales price (but that does not affect affordability to the consumer). Electric utilities benefit from reductions in peak electric demand that help avoid expensive investments in new peak generating capacity. Lastly,societybenefitsfromreducedairemissions and distributed generation that reduces the vulnerability of our energy infrastructure. Milestones Supported by DOE Funding Milestone or Deliverable Competition electric vehicles purchased and Due Date 04/30/05 Status Complete Convene Solar Decathlon Teams Workshop during IEEE PV conference in Orlando, FL. 01/31/05 Complete 89 Photovoltaic R&D Technology Development

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