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Solar Thermal R&D Subprogram Overview Frank W. Wilkins, Team Leader, Solar Thermal R&D The Solar Thermal Subprogram comprises two key activities: Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) and Solar Heating and Lighting (SH&L). CSP technologies use mirrors to concentrate the sun’s energy up to 10,000 times sunlight to power conventional turbines, heat engines, or other converters to generate electricity. Energy from CSP systems is high-value renewable power, because energy storage and hybrid designs allow it to be provided when most needed. This is particularly important to utilities that need to increase the amount of power available to them during periods of peak demand. The SH&L research activity develops solar technologies that provide hot water for residential and commercial buildings as well as hybrid solar lighting for commercial buildings. Reducing the cost of these two technologies is important to the goal of a reasonably priced zero energy building. R&D sponsored by the Solar Thermal Subprogram is done in collaboration with industry and university partners. Goals and Objectives Concentrating Solar Power CSP systems currently offer the least-expensive source of solar electricity (12¢–14¢/kWh) with systems ranging in size from kilowatt-scale distributed systems to multi-megawatt power plants. A recent study by the Western Governors’ Association Solar Task Force projected that large CSP systems will be able to produce power at about 5.5¢/kWh with continued R&D and the deployment of 4,000 MW. The 2012 goal is to reduce the cost of energy from CSP technology to 8¢–10¢/kWh. This will be done through R&D carried out by the national laboratories and industry combined with the establishment of CSP plants deployed by the states and their industry partners. Solar Heating and Lighting SH&L research emphasizes the development of low-cost, polymer-based solar water heaters, which have the potential to cut the cost of today’s solar water heating (8¢/kWh) to 4.5¢/kWh. The objective for FY 2005 was to install and evaluate prototype units at locations throughout the nonfreezing regions of the country. Both industrial partners, however, decided to make significant changes to their designs. This resulted in the year’s efforts being focused on design modifications and evaluation. One partner though submitted a prototype system to the Solar Rating and Certification Corp., and it is likely to be certified in early FY 2006. Budget issues precluded work on systems applicable to freezing climates. The objective of hybrid solar lighting development was to improve the design of the system to the point where prototypes could be installed and evaluated at commercial locations during FY 2006. Results and Accomplishments Concentrating Solar Power During FY 2005, Stirling Energy Systems (SES) built, entirely with its own funding, a six-dish mini-power plant at the National Solar Thermal Test Facility at Sandia National Laboratories (SNL). SES also moved a sizable portion of its technical staff to Albuquerque to make the best use of the facilities and engineers at SNL. President Bush toured the dish power plant following his signing of the 2005 Energy Bill at SNL. Operation of the dishes provided valuable data, enabling improvement in engine reliability and system operation. This effort was made more important by SES’s signing power purchase agreements with Southern California Edison and San Diego Gas & Electric, which could lead to projects totaling 800 to 1,750 MW. Solargenix Energy built a 1-MW trough plant in Arizona for Arizona Public Service. Its operation is expected to begin in early FY 2006. This is the first trough plant to be built anywhere in the world in nearly 15 years. Solargenix also plans on beginning construction of a 64-MW project in Nevada 107 Solar Thermal R&DPDF Image | DOE Solar Energy Technologies Program
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